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[Music]

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[Applause]

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[Music]

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the smoke radio for the masses headline

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edition july 8 1947

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the army air forces has announced that a

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flying disc has been found and is now in

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the possession of the army if the game

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is rigged change the game

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game changer

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i occasionally think how quickly

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our differences worldwide

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would vanish

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if we were facing an alien threat from

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outside this world

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[Music]

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[Applause]

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[Music]

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this is fade to black with your host

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jimmy church on the game changer radio

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i need your help to get to the year

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1985.

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you are listening to fate to flag with

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jimmy judge on the game changer network

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[Music]

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fade to black

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bespoke radio

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for

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the

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masses

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uh yeah man how you doing

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today's tuesday august 2nd

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2022

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and i would like to welcome everybody

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listening all around the world all

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across the united states

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hither and tether to and fro back and

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forth up and down east and west north

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and south

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far and near

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this is fade to black for kjcr the game

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changer and on x networks racehobbes

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i'm your host jimmy church what is

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cracking everybody how you doing

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how you doing

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yeah

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that's because

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might have the coolest name

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in our community

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if not the world he's with us tonight

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we're going to be talking about

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the james webb space telescope and the

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search for e.t we're going to be doing

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all of that tonight with john

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jmg

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tomorrow night isaac arthur is here wow

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i got

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how does that happen somebody pinch me

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tomorrow night we're going to be talking

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about time travel

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and then thursday is another fader night

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with open lines all night long

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all right

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man man man i've got a busy

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busy second half of 2022 coming up and

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in in just two short weeks

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on august 16th tuesday night right here

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in los angeles

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i will be at upars in studio city

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and after two years a two-year hiatus

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upars is back i will be speaking we will

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be broadcasting live from there

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and i'm gonna bring a little fade to

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black

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uh to you pars which i've done a few

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times over the years we've done a couple

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of uh

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live broadcasts uh for mu pars maybe

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maybe three

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um but uh it's gonna be great now it's

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only

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uh seating for 200 it's going to sell

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out it may have sold out you can go to

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uparsla.org

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for tickets and information but that's

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coming up in two short weeks tomorrow

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i'm gonna be filming uh

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i did some stuff today and tomorrow

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uh i'll be on location uh shooting for a

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new film that's coming up

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and uh that's tomorrow then uh i'm going

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to rush back to the studio for

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isaac arthur uh uh tomorrow night

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and i'm going to egypt in october

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uh september 16th i will be

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uh in joshua tree for a private sky

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watch and that's going to be a two night

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event

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and uh one night in joshua tree and one

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night at giant rock

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and if you would like to be one of the

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lucky few that are going to be there for

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this all you've got to do is go to

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forbiddenclub.com

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and

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mint

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10 nfts you'll get your forbidden

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knowledge black card and then you will

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get an invitation to come and hang out

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with us in joshua tree

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and uh so there you go i do have uh

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uh coming up i can't believe it see

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we're in august then there is september

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and uh you know for the rest of the year

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i'm gonna be filming this new tv show

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i'm very excited about that and then

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uh coming up in february we've got

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conscious life expo and the plans are

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already in motion for that and then i

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will be

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uh speaking on a cruise that is going to

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depart out of los angeles uh down

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uh down south the coast into mexico and

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then turn around and return

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in los angeles so i'll be doing that too

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as well and that's in april april 7th

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through the 14th

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and i've got a lot of email from

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everybody and please excuse me i've been

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really really busy

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and i haven't handed off

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uh the information to everybody else

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that helps me with

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uh social media and the website and

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stuff

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will

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i was speaking to a friend of mine on

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the phone

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and i said uh today

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i said you know

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um

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it's so much better than being not busy

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right that's the opposite

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what's the opposite of being too busy

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not being busy

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and nah no no no no no

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you know and you know like my father

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told me

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it's the life you chose

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so you can't complain about it

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just trying to figure out how to keep my

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head above water follow me on twitter at

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j

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church radio you can follow me right

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there jaychurch radio follow me on

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instagram at jimmychurchradio the

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sandboxes hashtag f2b on twitter i'm

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looking at the mediterranean chickens

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giant taco

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oh i get today's tuesday

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ah

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i know what i'm doing tonight after this

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show

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i already did tostadas today though it

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does a tostada count for taco tuesday

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no it doesn't it does not doesn't even

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come close all right hashtag f2b is the

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sandbox on twitter i just jumped over

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to the chat rooms to say hello lots to

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do tonight this is gonna be a great show

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and uh so let's get straight to

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the breaking news in a civic science now

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listen to what i'm about to say

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well it's not me this is this is a press

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release

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came out earlier today and

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before i do this

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i've i've just got to thank renee

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i don't thank renee enough

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renee thank you you're the absolute very

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best

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news here

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and and i know what you guys are

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thinking

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wait wait jimmy doesn't pick the news uh

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no i don't

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i've got renee

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and and she's inside my head

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i don't know how she does it she's

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inside my head i do maybe a couple of

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news stories a week

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but she beats me to the punch every time

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i find it you know no she's already

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she's already sent it to me by the time

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i find it but then there is this

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in a civic science survey

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last month in mid-july

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13

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of u.s adults say they agree with the

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statement

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bigfoot

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sasquatch

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is a real living creature

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end quote

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that's up from 11 percent who said the

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same in may

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of 2020 two years ago that's an 18

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increase

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in bigfoot beliefs

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similarly to the 2020 study americans

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living in the west were still most

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likely to believe in bigfoot 15 of

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residents in the west are believers

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compared with 11 of those in the

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northeast

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however

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the overall uptick in sasquatch truthers

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has come from the cities

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in the suburbs

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now isn't that interesting

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gen x

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ages 35 to 54.

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was more likely to believe in bigfoot

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while older adults were more likely to

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be skeptics

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but all age groups saw at least some

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growth in sasquatch belief

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now

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here we go

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also from the survey

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this is not me this is from the survey

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so

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don't send me an email send it to

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john michael gautier

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also from the survey bigfoot believers

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are generally

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more likely to be daily youtube users

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are more likely to play a musical

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instrument

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are more likely to plan to invest

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in cryptocurrency

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are more likely to bet on sports online

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i don't get that but that's in the

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survey

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more likely to believe in the loch ness

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monster

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more likely to enjoy the 1990s tv show

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the x-files

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and rounding up the list

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more likely

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to own a gun there you go that's all in

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the survey

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well

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down in chile

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a massive 656

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foot deep sinkhole with an 82 foot

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diameter has suddenly opened up near an

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underground copper mine in chile over

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the weekend

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specialist teams of geologists from

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chile's national service of geology and

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mining

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were rushed to the

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uh al caprosa mine which is operated by

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canada's london mining group and is

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located about 400 miles north of

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santiago

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chile issued an order to immediately

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stop work in the area to evaluate the

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situation talking about the mine

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development work in the area of the ala

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caporosa underground mine has been

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temporarily stopped as a preventive

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measure

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and is being monitored continuously and

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it is

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massive

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82 feet in diameter okay all right it is

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656

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feet deep

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all right virgin galactic back in the

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news

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virgin galactic holdings inc

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today announced it has secured land to

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move forward with a new astronaut campus

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and training facility in the state of

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new mexico near the company's commercial

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operations headquarters

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the land located in sierra county

290
00:15:20,790 --> 00:15:19,040
will be home to a new first of its kind

291
00:15:23,030 --> 00:15:20,800
astronaut campus

292
00:15:26,310 --> 00:15:23,040
for exclusive use by virgin galactic

293
00:15:29,269 --> 00:15:26,320
future astronauts and up to three of

294
00:15:33,189 --> 00:15:29,279
their guests in advance of a space

295
00:15:35,590 --> 00:15:33,199
flight from spaceport america conceptual

296
00:15:37,990 --> 00:15:35,600
design of the campus has already begun

297
00:15:40,389 --> 00:15:38,000
and virgin galactic plans to complete

298
00:15:43,749 --> 00:15:40,399
the build-out in parallel with the

299
00:15:45,829 --> 00:15:43,759
expansion and capacity of its fleet

300
00:15:51,030 --> 00:15:45,839
in new mexico

301
00:15:52,470 --> 00:15:51,040
there you go all right speaking of that

302
00:15:55,030 --> 00:15:52,480
speaking of that

303
00:15:57,430 --> 00:15:55,040
can i say this can i say this officially

304
00:15:58,389 --> 00:15:57,440
okay out here i live in the mojave

305
00:16:01,350 --> 00:15:58,399
desert

306
00:16:03,829 --> 00:16:01,360
and out here there are three major

307
00:16:06,389 --> 00:16:03,839
facilities you have

308
00:16:08,230 --> 00:16:06,399
you know lockheed skunk works and those

309
00:16:09,829 --> 00:16:08,240
facilities over here with nasa and the

310
00:16:12,310 --> 00:16:09,839
air force and

311
00:16:14,150 --> 00:16:12,320
and uh northrop grumman and the other

312
00:16:16,069 --> 00:16:14,160
clandestine stuff that's going on out

313
00:16:18,150 --> 00:16:16,079
there with buildings that don't have any

314
00:16:20,150 --> 00:16:18,160
names on it that's that's one spot then

315
00:16:21,670 --> 00:16:20,160
we have edwards air force base a testing

316
00:16:22,470 --> 00:16:21,680
and training facility of the secret

317
00:16:25,590 --> 00:16:22,480
stuff

318
00:16:27,350 --> 00:16:25,600
and that is a few miles away and then

319
00:16:29,590 --> 00:16:27,360
uh maybe another

320
00:16:33,670 --> 00:16:29,600
10 miles past that

321
00:16:37,509 --> 00:16:33,680
is uh the mojave airport and spaceport

322
00:16:39,829 --> 00:16:37,519
and virgin galactic is out there so

323
00:16:41,350 --> 00:16:39,839
two days ago i don't want to say i don't

324
00:16:44,389 --> 00:16:41,360
want to say much more than that but two

325
00:16:46,069 --> 00:16:44,399
days ago i was out in the area i was out

326
00:16:47,910 --> 00:16:46,079
in the area i was out driving around out

327
00:16:52,629 --> 00:16:47,920
there poking around taking pictures

328
00:16:54,949 --> 00:16:52,639
trying to get arrested and i saw this

329
00:16:56,870 --> 00:16:54,959
this plane take off

330
00:16:59,350 --> 00:16:56,880
i don't want to say anything else i

331
00:17:02,629 --> 00:16:59,360
really couldn't see

332
00:17:06,230 --> 00:17:02,639
it it was it was it was too fast i heard

333
00:17:07,189 --> 00:17:06,240
it first and uh i was outside of the

334
00:17:09,669 --> 00:17:07,199
jeep

335
00:17:11,189 --> 00:17:09,679
and then when i find i'm looking around

336
00:17:16,549 --> 00:17:11,199
i can hear it

337
00:17:19,429 --> 00:17:16,559
caught it as it was uh flying up and i

338
00:17:21,110 --> 00:17:19,439
caught it to my uh this would be my

339
00:17:22,549 --> 00:17:21,120
right this is my left

340
00:17:25,270 --> 00:17:22,559
to my left

341
00:17:27,350 --> 00:17:25,280
and and i could see it and it was

342
00:17:29,270 --> 00:17:27,360
arching up and

343
00:17:30,310 --> 00:17:29,280
but man

344
00:17:32,950 --> 00:17:30,320
all right i don't want to say anything

345
00:17:34,470 --> 00:17:32,960
else i got a basic shape

346
00:17:35,669 --> 00:17:34,480
it was uh bizarre i don't want to say

347
00:17:37,190 --> 00:17:35,679
what time i don't want to say

348
00:17:38,870 --> 00:17:37,200
specifically what day i don't want to

349
00:17:43,270 --> 00:17:38,880
give away any secrets because that thing

350
00:17:44,870 --> 00:17:43,280
looked top secret whatever it was

351
00:17:47,430 --> 00:17:44,880
i i don't know

352
00:17:50,870 --> 00:17:47,440
i'm assuming there's a pilot in there

353
00:17:53,430 --> 00:17:50,880
um but what what i mean he

354
00:17:54,950 --> 00:17:53,440
who whoever is in that

355
00:17:57,430 --> 00:17:54,960
is literally

356
00:17:59,750 --> 00:17:57,440
just hitting the gas

357
00:18:02,230 --> 00:17:59,760
just to the floor

358
00:18:04,710 --> 00:18:02,240
everything pushes forward

359
00:18:06,070 --> 00:18:04,720
and and what's he feeling

360
00:18:08,070 --> 00:18:06,080
what's he seeing

361
00:18:10,310 --> 00:18:08,080
that is just crazy to me

362
00:18:12,150 --> 00:18:10,320
that was just nuts all right

363
00:18:14,070 --> 00:18:12,160
all right that's it i don't want to say

364
00:18:15,270 --> 00:18:14,080
any more than that it was it was it was

365
00:18:17,430 --> 00:18:15,280
pretty crazy

366
00:18:18,549 --> 00:18:17,440
all right what's this picture

367
00:18:21,990 --> 00:18:18,559
mason

368
00:18:23,110 --> 00:18:22,000
raisin mage resin mage

369
00:18:26,710 --> 00:18:23,120
resin

370
00:18:28,390 --> 00:18:26,720
it's a picture of me vaping

371
00:18:30,390 --> 00:18:28,400
yeah there you go

372
00:18:32,549 --> 00:18:30,400
pretty cool that's an older picture

373
00:18:34,470 --> 00:18:32,559
because look at my hair

374
00:18:36,150 --> 00:18:34,480
caught me vaping on the air oh i did

375
00:18:37,990 --> 00:18:36,160
that on purpose i remember when i did

376
00:18:39,990 --> 00:18:38,000
that i was doing that for all of you

377
00:18:44,549 --> 00:18:40,000
guys during a commercial break

378
00:18:46,230 --> 00:18:44,559
i remember that i remember now

379
00:18:53,510 --> 00:18:46,240
i remember

380
00:18:57,270 --> 00:18:55,750
let's get this show cracking on this day

381
00:18:59,029 --> 00:18:57,280
in history

382
00:19:02,070 --> 00:18:59,039
otd

383
00:19:07,590 --> 00:19:05,990
the captain and crew of the css

384
00:19:10,470 --> 00:19:07,600
shenandoah

385
00:19:14,549 --> 00:19:10,480
still prowling the waters of the pacific

386
00:19:18,630 --> 00:19:14,559
in search of yankee whaling ships

387
00:19:21,909 --> 00:19:18,640
is finally informed by a british vessel

388
00:19:27,510 --> 00:19:21,919
that the south had lost the war

389
00:19:33,110 --> 00:19:30,070
it was like five years later after the

390
00:19:35,110 --> 00:19:33,120
end of the civil war the shenandoah

391
00:19:37,590 --> 00:19:35,120
just didn't know the shenandoah was the

392
00:19:40,310 --> 00:19:37,600
last confederate cruiser

393
00:19:41,510 --> 00:19:40,320
to set sail wasn't that like an episode

394
00:19:47,830 --> 00:19:41,520
of

395
00:19:50,390 --> 00:19:47,840
gilligan's island fader fact

396
00:19:53,990 --> 00:19:50,400
in 1989 i bet you john michael gautier

397
00:19:55,270 --> 00:19:54,000
doesn't know this i bet you he doesn't

398
00:19:56,870 --> 00:19:55,280
he's going to be nodding his head in

399
00:19:58,870 --> 00:19:56,880
just a second he's going to be getting i

400
00:20:01,350 --> 00:19:58,880
knew that i knew that

401
00:20:03,990 --> 00:20:01,360
in 1989

402
00:20:07,990 --> 00:20:04,000
scientists at ibm

403
00:20:11,510 --> 00:20:08,000
succeeded in arranging 35 individual

404
00:20:13,270 --> 00:20:11,520
xenon atoms on a substrate of chilled

405
00:20:15,430 --> 00:20:13,280
crystal of nickel

406
00:20:16,789 --> 00:20:15,440
to spell out

407
00:20:18,630 --> 00:20:16,799
ibm

408
00:20:20,789 --> 00:20:18,640
it was the first time adams had been

409
00:20:22,710 --> 00:20:20,799
precisely positioned

410
00:20:25,190 --> 00:20:22,720
on a flat surface

411
00:20:26,390 --> 00:20:25,200
and and oh john just threw up his hands

412
00:20:32,310 --> 00:20:26,400
he didn't know

413
00:20:34,310 --> 00:20:32,320
omni magazine or something back in the

414
00:20:36,390 --> 00:20:34,320
day and it was pretty impressive it

415
00:20:38,070 --> 00:20:36,400
wasn't as impressive as

416
00:20:39,029 --> 00:20:38,080
you guys remember the

417
00:20:42,870 --> 00:20:39,039
the

418
00:20:47,510 --> 00:20:42,880
guitar

419
00:20:51,830 --> 00:20:49,909
all right all right tonight very special

420
00:20:53,110 --> 00:20:51,840
guest john michael godier is with us

421
00:20:55,350 --> 00:20:53,120
we're going to be talking about the

422
00:20:56,710 --> 00:20:55,360
james webb space telescope and the

423
00:20:58,950 --> 00:20:56,720
search for e.t

424
00:21:00,789 --> 00:20:58,960
tomorrow night isaac arthur joins us

425
00:21:03,510 --> 00:21:00,799
we're going to be talking time travel

426
00:21:05,270 --> 00:21:03,520
with isaac haven't done that with isaac

427
00:21:06,950 --> 00:21:05,280
in uh in a few years it's going to be

428
00:21:09,909 --> 00:21:06,960
great thursday night

429
00:21:11,669 --> 00:21:09,919
is another fader night with open lines

430
00:21:13,110 --> 00:21:11,679
all night long

431
00:21:14,470 --> 00:21:13,120
all right

432
00:21:17,830 --> 00:21:14,480
now it's time for me to hit this river

433
00:21:20,390 --> 00:21:17,840
moon coffee jorge says hey jimmy

434
00:21:22,950 --> 00:21:20,400
that bully documentary you watched

435
00:21:24,230 --> 00:21:22,960
recently was it five years i don't i

436
00:21:26,070 --> 00:21:24,240
don't know

437
00:21:27,990 --> 00:21:26,080
i don't remember you know what jorge i

438
00:21:31,110 --> 00:21:28,000
will go and

439
00:21:34,310 --> 00:21:31,120
and check that out and i'll get back to

440
00:21:36,870 --> 00:21:34,320
you i've watched there's like three

441
00:21:39,669 --> 00:21:36,880
uh bowie documentaries uh that i've

442
00:21:42,630 --> 00:21:39,679
watched in the last few months

443
00:21:46,310 --> 00:21:42,640
so i'm not sure i'll see which one was

444
00:21:48,630 --> 00:21:46,320
the last one i did um also just recently

445
00:21:49,830 --> 00:21:48,640
there was another bowie documentary

446
00:21:54,070 --> 00:21:49,840
um

447
00:21:56,390 --> 00:21:54,080
about his his last recordings and uh

448
00:21:58,470 --> 00:21:56,400
and that was that was that was pretty

449
00:22:00,470 --> 00:21:58,480
amazing to see too as well so i'll get

450
00:22:02,549 --> 00:22:00,480
that up for you okay

451
00:22:04,950 --> 00:22:02,559
all right river moon coffee

452
00:22:08,710 --> 00:22:04,960
rivermoonwellness.com

453
00:22:10,549 --> 00:22:08,720
stephen owen you caught that

454
00:22:14,390 --> 00:22:10,559
you caught that

455
00:22:18,149 --> 00:22:14,400
that was my that was my queen's reich

456
00:22:20,310 --> 00:22:18,159
and he just posted that's awesome man

457
00:22:28,310 --> 00:22:20,320
i remember

458
00:22:31,029 --> 00:22:28,320
it's such a great record man

459
00:22:33,669 --> 00:22:31,039
it's such a great record i can't believe

460
00:22:36,390 --> 00:22:33,679
that's why i love the fader knots

461
00:22:39,430 --> 00:22:36,400
to be able to do that and grab a queen's

462
00:22:41,190 --> 00:22:39,440
right gif and get that up there that's

463
00:22:43,990 --> 00:22:41,200
another question for john michael godier

464
00:22:45,590 --> 00:22:44,000
he's smarter than me is it jif

465
00:22:47,510 --> 00:22:45,600
or is it gif

466
00:22:50,470 --> 00:22:47,520
the world wants to know we need to

467
00:22:52,630 --> 00:22:50,480
finally put that one to bed

468
00:22:54,950 --> 00:22:52,640
i mean like for reals

469
00:22:56,789 --> 00:22:54,960
uh last week

470
00:22:59,590 --> 00:22:56,799
i didn't say anything

471
00:23:01,510 --> 00:22:59,600
and uh i was i was i was with a couple

472
00:23:05,590 --> 00:23:01,520
of people a couple of friends and

473
00:23:09,830 --> 00:23:05,600
and were sitting and uh it was lunch

474
00:23:11,669 --> 00:23:09,840
and and talking and one of them said

475
00:23:13,350 --> 00:23:11,679
yeah i so you know i've been posting

476
00:23:14,950 --> 00:23:13,360
these gifs

477
00:23:15,909 --> 00:23:14,960
and uh

478
00:23:19,990 --> 00:23:15,919
and

479
00:23:26,310 --> 00:23:20,000
i so

480
00:23:27,909 --> 00:23:26,320
everything i and it's like i i don't

481
00:23:30,070 --> 00:23:27,919
need this right now

482
00:23:31,590 --> 00:23:30,080
i don't need to get into this

483
00:23:33,669 --> 00:23:31,600
this this thing

484
00:23:35,029 --> 00:23:33,679
so there you go all right

485
00:23:37,190 --> 00:23:35,039
uh where am i at river moon

486
00:23:40,870 --> 00:23:37,200
rivermoonwellness.com

487
00:23:44,070 --> 00:23:40,880
jimmy church's fade to black blend

488
00:23:44,870 --> 00:23:44,080
yeah right on cassandra you're the best

489
00:23:49,990 --> 00:23:44,880
it's

490
00:23:50,000 --> 00:23:53,590
i remember

491
00:24:01,350 --> 00:23:56,789
what

492
00:24:04,950 --> 00:24:02,950
now let's think about that for a second

493
00:24:07,430 --> 00:24:04,960
what do animals

494
00:24:10,310 --> 00:24:07,440
ponder

495
00:24:12,390 --> 00:24:10,320
you know i i did a show last last week

496
00:24:14,390 --> 00:24:12,400
with with christina gomez when we were

497
00:24:18,149 --> 00:24:14,400
talking about reincarnation

498
00:24:20,070 --> 00:24:18,159
and one of the things which has not well

499
00:24:21,430 --> 00:24:20,080
it does have everything to do with what

500
00:24:23,909 --> 00:24:21,440
i'm talking about right now because i

501
00:24:25,669 --> 00:24:23,919
just brought it up but the point being

502
00:24:28,390 --> 00:24:25,679
i said yeah what about what about

503
00:24:30,470 --> 00:24:28,400
animals do do we reincarnate do we ever

504
00:24:32,390 --> 00:24:30,480
come back as like a dog

505
00:24:34,310 --> 00:24:32,400
right you don't want to come back as an

506
00:24:36,470 --> 00:24:34,320
earthworm you know that that would that

507
00:24:38,789 --> 00:24:36,480
would just totally blow but

508
00:24:40,630 --> 00:24:38,799
but a dog that would be cool

509
00:24:43,350 --> 00:24:40,640
primate that would be pretty cool

510
00:24:46,630 --> 00:24:43,360
dolphin i could hang i could hang ring

511
00:24:49,990 --> 00:24:46,640
but when you look into a dog's eyes

512
00:24:51,350 --> 00:24:50,000
that there's something there but

513
00:24:54,390 --> 00:24:51,360
what do they

514
00:24:57,669 --> 00:24:55,990
and i know

515
00:25:01,590 --> 00:24:57,679
that uh

516
00:25:03,990 --> 00:25:01,600
some of you right now have a dog

517
00:25:05,990 --> 00:25:04,000
next to you listening to the show

518
00:25:06,950 --> 00:25:06,000
watching the show and dog is listening

519
00:25:08,070 --> 00:25:06,960
too

520
00:25:10,630 --> 00:25:08,080
and

521
00:25:12,390 --> 00:25:10,640
maybe the dog is like we ponder a lot

522
00:25:14,789 --> 00:25:12,400
church

523
00:25:17,269 --> 00:25:14,799
right maybe that's what they're thinking

524
00:25:18,870 --> 00:25:17,279
and like tonight you know the james webb

525
00:25:22,310 --> 00:25:18,880
telescope

526
00:25:27,510 --> 00:25:24,950
are dogs going church man the james webb

527
00:25:29,669 --> 00:25:27,520
telescope amazing images been wondering

528
00:25:31,269 --> 00:25:29,679
the same thing what's going on out there

529
00:25:32,710 --> 00:25:31,279
how's it possible to take these images

530
00:25:35,110 --> 00:25:32,720
how is it possible to look at the

531
00:25:37,669 --> 00:25:35,120
atmosphere of an exoplanet

532
00:25:39,750 --> 00:25:37,679
to see if it has a biosphere and methane

533
00:25:41,590 --> 00:25:39,760
gas how is that that is just

534
00:25:45,430 --> 00:25:41,600
extraordinary

535
00:25:51,029 --> 00:25:45,440
what do animals ponder

536
00:25:57,909 --> 00:25:54,789
if they don't ponder what we ponder i

537
00:26:01,909 --> 00:25:59,669
why is it

538
00:26:03,990 --> 00:26:01,919
that we are

539
00:26:07,510 --> 00:26:04,000
the only

540
00:26:11,430 --> 00:26:07,520
species on this planet

541
00:26:13,110 --> 00:26:11,440
that ponders those things

542
00:26:14,710 --> 00:26:13,120
we are tonight we're going to be talking

543
00:26:16,149 --> 00:26:14,720
about the james webb telescope we're

544
00:26:17,350 --> 00:26:16,159
going to be looking at some images we're

545
00:26:19,510 --> 00:26:17,360
going to be talking about these things

546
00:26:20,470 --> 00:26:19,520
we're going to be pondering

547
00:26:24,549 --> 00:26:20,480
and

548
00:26:26,390 --> 00:26:24,559
individually

549
00:26:30,789 --> 00:26:26,400
you me

550
00:26:32,310 --> 00:26:30,799
you're going to have your own thoughts

551
00:26:35,990 --> 00:26:32,320
what is it

552
00:26:40,870 --> 00:26:36,870
and

553
00:26:43,269 --> 00:26:40,880
what an animal ponder the same things

554
00:26:45,909 --> 00:26:43,279
probably not and why is it that we're

555
00:26:49,990 --> 00:26:45,919
the only ones blessed with this

556
00:26:56,630 --> 00:26:54,070
flash up some crazy gaseous nebula

557
00:26:59,269 --> 00:26:56,640
shot in infrared an image that we've

558
00:27:01,269 --> 00:26:59,279
never been able to see before

559
00:27:03,430 --> 00:27:01,279
and and we look at this

560
00:27:05,110 --> 00:27:03,440
you are going to look at the image

561
00:27:06,870 --> 00:27:05,120
and it's going to hit you a certain way

562
00:27:07,830 --> 00:27:06,880
you're going to look at that and you are

563
00:27:09,830 --> 00:27:07,840
going to

564
00:27:11,430 --> 00:27:09,840
think something

565
00:27:14,310 --> 00:27:11,440
you are going to

566
00:27:16,470 --> 00:27:14,320
ponder something

567
00:27:19,510 --> 00:27:16,480
maybe it's something like i would ponder

568
00:27:23,269 --> 00:27:19,520
you know like wow it i wonder what that

569
00:27:27,190 --> 00:27:23,279
that yellow swirly stuff is

570
00:27:28,870 --> 00:27:27,200
is it gas is it dust

571
00:27:31,110 --> 00:27:28,880
you know what what what is it that you

572
00:27:31,909 --> 00:27:31,120
are going i wonder what type of gas it

573
00:27:39,190 --> 00:27:31,919
is

574
00:27:41,990 --> 00:27:39,200
that that radiates that color

575
00:27:43,990 --> 00:27:42,000
of golden yellow

576
00:27:46,149 --> 00:27:44,000
what causes that

577
00:27:49,350 --> 00:27:46,159
that that's what i'm talking about

578
00:27:51,510 --> 00:27:49,360
and everybody is going to ponder

579
00:27:54,310 --> 00:27:51,520
something a little bit different

580
00:27:57,269 --> 00:27:54,320
and why is it that we are the only ones

581
00:28:00,070 --> 00:27:57,279
that just gets the chance to do that

582
00:28:02,630 --> 00:28:00,080
i i don't get it

583
00:28:04,710 --> 00:28:02,640
you know when we look at

584
00:28:06,950 --> 00:28:04,720
you look at chimpanzees

585
00:28:08,630 --> 00:28:06,960
right look at little little babies

586
00:28:10,389 --> 00:28:08,640
spider monkeys

587
00:28:12,070 --> 00:28:10,399
you know

588
00:28:14,149 --> 00:28:12,080
apes

589
00:28:17,110 --> 00:28:14,159
they look like us

590
00:28:19,830 --> 00:28:17,120
we can relate to them

591
00:28:22,870 --> 00:28:19,840
do they ponder

592
00:28:25,669 --> 00:28:24,230
fascinates me

593
00:28:27,909 --> 00:28:25,679
how is it

594
00:28:30,870 --> 00:28:27,919
that we are the only one

595
00:28:33,830 --> 00:28:30,880
and and i'll leave you with this one

596
00:28:36,710 --> 00:28:33,840
last thought today i was reading

597
00:28:38,549 --> 00:28:36,720
it's reading some stuff on on dna

598
00:28:40,310 --> 00:28:38,559
and uh

599
00:28:41,510 --> 00:28:40,320
not necessarily us but just dna in

600
00:28:42,789 --> 00:28:41,520
general

601
00:28:47,590 --> 00:28:42,799
and

602
00:28:48,470 --> 00:28:47,600
but

603
00:28:51,110 --> 00:28:48,480
with

604
00:28:54,870 --> 00:28:51,120
alien dna

605
00:28:56,310 --> 00:28:54,880
do scientists expect it to be different

606
00:28:59,110 --> 00:28:56,320
than ours

607
00:29:00,230 --> 00:28:59,120
dna on this planet everything's the same

608
00:29:02,389 --> 00:29:00,240
you know everything's a little bit

609
00:29:04,710 --> 00:29:02,399
different but dna in a banana and dna in

610
00:29:05,510 --> 00:29:04,720
humans pretty much the same

611
00:29:08,310 --> 00:29:05,520
and

612
00:29:11,990 --> 00:29:08,320
uh you know what constitutes different

613
00:29:14,070 --> 00:29:12,000
dna but what about alien dna

614
00:29:18,149 --> 00:29:14,080
is there three strands instead of two is

615
00:29:22,789 --> 00:29:19,909
think about that

616
00:29:26,630 --> 00:29:22,799
or is it just all the same

617
00:29:28,230 --> 00:29:26,640
and then what would make an alien

618
00:29:31,590 --> 00:29:28,240
civilization

619
00:29:33,830 --> 00:29:31,600
ponder or think differently than us

620
00:29:36,470 --> 00:29:33,840
and does it come down to dna

621
00:29:39,430 --> 00:29:36,480
like animals

622
00:29:40,950 --> 00:29:39,440
i am able to ponder

623
00:29:43,269 --> 00:29:40,960
this thought

624
00:29:44,470 --> 00:29:43,279
think about that just think about that

625
00:29:46,789 --> 00:29:44,480
it's heavy

626
00:29:49,350 --> 00:29:46,799
this is fade to black our guest tonight

627
00:29:50,549 --> 00:29:49,360
jean michael gautier is going to help me

628
00:29:53,510 --> 00:29:50,559
through

629
00:29:55,350 --> 00:29:53,520
these crazy doofus thoughts that i have

630
00:29:56,630 --> 00:29:55,360
this is fade to black i am your host

631
00:29:58,389 --> 00:29:56,640
jimmy church

632
00:30:00,470 --> 00:29:58,399
tonight john michael godier tomorrow

633
00:30:03,029 --> 00:30:00,480
night right here

634
00:30:05,350 --> 00:30:03,039
isaac arthur and time travel but tonight

635
00:30:07,350 --> 00:30:05,360
is john michael gautier in the james

636
00:30:10,070 --> 00:30:07,360
webb space telescope thursday is another

637
00:30:11,510 --> 00:30:10,080
fader night with open lines all night

638
00:30:14,549 --> 00:30:11,520
long this is fade to black i'm murals

639
00:30:15,750 --> 00:30:14,559
jimmy church on the x and game changer

640
00:30:17,350 --> 00:30:15,760
networks

641
00:30:21,860 --> 00:30:17,360
be right back after this short break

642
00:30:50,950 --> 00:30:47,430
[Music]

643
00:30:55,350 --> 00:30:53,110
this is nicole church daughter of you

644
00:30:57,430 --> 00:30:55,360
know who and you're listening to fade to

645
00:31:00,870 --> 00:30:57,440
black on jimmychurchradio.com

646
00:31:04,549 --> 00:31:03,029
you're listening to jimmy church and

647
00:31:10,950 --> 00:31:04,559
fade to black

648
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you're listening to jimmy church fade to

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fate to black will now pause for alien

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make is

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this is jimmy church of fade to black

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and you can get our podcast for just two

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dollars per month all you have to do is

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click on the podcast banner over at

677
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jimmychurchradio.com hello fader knots

678
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jimmy church here you've seen me with my

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like i do right here in the bunker the

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eden pier thunderstorm uses oxy

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technology that naturally sends out o3

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odors and air pollutants in your home

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and destroys them it's called a

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thunderstorm because it purifies the air

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go to

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edenpuredeals.com and use fader 3

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shipping is free and it's easy just

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scroll down you'll see my name right

700
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there

701
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jimmy church click on it and get your

702
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do you have an interest in the

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paranormal that you'll love the

704
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xnetwork.com the axe is your streaming

705
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audio and video for everything

706
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ufos bigfoot ghosts and so much more

708
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from hosts like jimmy church whitley

709
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710
00:34:10,149 --> 00:34:08,079
visit the unexnetwork.com show page for

711
00:34:12,869 --> 00:34:10,159
a complete list of all the paranormal

712
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programs you'll find on the x be sure to

713
00:34:16,470 --> 00:34:14,800
follow us on twitter for updates at

714
00:34:19,190 --> 00:34:16,480
kunxdb

715
00:34:21,909 --> 00:34:19,200
follow our facebook group on x network

716
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find the podcast on spotify iheart

717
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audible and apple podcast it's time it's

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new

719
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720
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x

721
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722
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chaotic history shows us what gold does

723
00:34:40,149 --> 00:34:37,679
when the world goes crazy it goes up in

724
00:34:42,710 --> 00:34:40,159
value right now we're in unprecedented

725
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times the pandemic the war in ukraine

726
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the devaluation of the us dollar gold

727
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and other precious metals are a defense

728
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measure against the hyperinflation

729
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that's happening right now so what can

730
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you do to protect yourself call my

731
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friend alan johnson at united gold group

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with gold with silver and other precious

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741
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742
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or visit

743
00:35:35,349 --> 00:35:32,320
unitedgoldgroup.com reach out to my

744
00:35:40,390 --> 00:35:35,359
friend alan johnson

745
00:35:46,790 --> 00:35:42,790
fade to black

746
00:35:50,950 --> 00:35:46,800
is not your father's radio show

747
00:35:53,030 --> 00:35:50,960
on the game changer radio network

748
00:35:54,310 --> 00:35:53,040
hi this is rob reiner from anvil and

749
00:35:59,940 --> 00:35:54,320
you're listening to jimmy

750
00:36:03,170 --> 00:36:01,190
[Music]

751
00:36:18,310 --> 00:36:03,180
radio

752
00:36:22,950 --> 00:36:20,230
welcome back fade to black i am your

753
00:36:24,790 --> 00:36:22,960
host jimmy church

754
00:36:27,589 --> 00:36:24,800
tonight

755
00:36:29,829 --> 00:36:27,599
john michael gautier joins us for a full

756
00:36:32,870 --> 00:36:29,839
night of the james webb space telescopes

757
00:36:34,870 --> 00:36:32,880
and it's search i said telescopes well

758
00:36:36,390 --> 00:36:34,880
that's actually correct

759
00:36:39,270 --> 00:36:36,400
actually

760
00:36:41,270 --> 00:36:39,280
it's got one more than one set of lenses

761
00:36:43,190 --> 00:36:41,280
on that thing

762
00:36:44,710 --> 00:36:43,200
and it's search for et and life on

763
00:36:46,069 --> 00:36:44,720
exoplanets we're going to be going

764
00:36:47,670 --> 00:36:46,079
through all of that

765
00:36:50,550 --> 00:36:47,680
he's a science fiction author and

766
00:36:53,910 --> 00:36:50,560
futurist with two novels outs

767
00:36:56,230 --> 00:36:53,920
the salvagers and supermind and is the

768
00:36:58,710 --> 00:36:56,240
host of two youtube channels his

769
00:37:00,870 --> 00:36:58,720
personal one under his own name and a

770
00:37:03,750 --> 00:37:00,880
science-based talk show

771
00:37:05,589 --> 00:37:03,760
the event horizon yes it's where i get

772
00:37:07,430 --> 00:37:05,599
all of my material it's not that big of

773
00:37:08,710 --> 00:37:07,440
a deal everybody knows that now

774
00:37:11,349 --> 00:37:08,720
where his

775
00:37:13,750 --> 00:37:11,359
interviews and his guests

776
00:37:16,950 --> 00:37:13,760
are subjects ranging from alien life the

777
00:37:18,550 --> 00:37:16,960
fermi paradox astrophysics exoplanets

778
00:37:21,190 --> 00:37:18,560
that's right where i get all of my

779
00:37:23,190 --> 00:37:21,200
material he his content is also

780
00:37:23,990 --> 00:37:23,200
available as a podcast on spotify and

781
00:37:26,390 --> 00:37:24,000
apple

782
00:37:28,470 --> 00:37:26,400
all of his websites links channels all

783
00:37:30,550 --> 00:37:28,480
that stuff is right there on our website

784
00:37:32,069 --> 00:37:30,560
and throughout social media and i would

785
00:37:33,430 --> 00:37:32,079
like to welcome back to fade to black

786
00:37:35,510 --> 00:37:33,440
the one and only

787
00:37:36,470 --> 00:37:35,520
john michael gautier there he is how you

788
00:37:39,430 --> 00:37:36,480
doing man

789
00:37:41,750 --> 00:37:39,440
hi everybody hey jimmy um hey jimmy i

790
00:37:42,470 --> 00:37:41,760
got another spider story for you

791
00:38:00,630 --> 00:37:42,480
i

792
00:38:03,750 --> 00:38:00,640
oh

793
00:38:07,190 --> 00:38:03,760
brown recluse is no joke you know black

794
00:38:09,910 --> 00:38:07,200
widow whatever right whatever i i looked

795
00:38:11,510 --> 00:38:09,920
it up once and and i was shocked but

796
00:38:13,109 --> 00:38:11,520
this is a fact

797
00:38:14,630 --> 00:38:13,119
um

798
00:38:20,870 --> 00:38:14,640
last year

799
00:38:23,990 --> 00:38:20,880
nobody died from a black widow bite

800
00:38:25,589 --> 00:38:24,000
zero right happens all the time

801
00:38:27,829 --> 00:38:25,599
zero deaths

802
00:38:31,109 --> 00:38:27,839
brown recluse i don't i don't want to

803
00:38:32,870 --> 00:38:31,119
look up that number i had a neighbor

804
00:38:35,670 --> 00:38:32,880
next door neighbor

805
00:38:38,230 --> 00:38:35,680
um i pulled up and

806
00:38:40,870 --> 00:38:38,240
and i hadn't seen him in in in like a

807
00:38:42,710 --> 00:38:40,880
week or something and saw his wife

808
00:38:44,230 --> 00:38:42,720
and he's out in the front yard and he's

809
00:38:46,390 --> 00:38:44,240
like hey jimmy i said hey what's going

810
00:38:48,069 --> 00:38:46,400
on i said where have you been

811
00:38:49,829 --> 00:38:48,079
and uh you know normally i saw him every

812
00:38:52,390 --> 00:38:49,839
day and he goes man i got

813
00:38:54,390 --> 00:38:52,400
and he turns around and he pulls up his

814
00:38:58,230 --> 00:38:54,400
shirt and he goes i got bit by a brown

815
00:38:59,589 --> 00:38:58,240
recluse i was like dude oh my god

816
00:39:02,310 --> 00:38:59,599
what

817
00:39:05,510 --> 00:39:02,320
and it was gnarly and i'm not going to

818
00:39:07,349 --> 00:39:05,520
describe what i saw but it was horrific

819
00:39:09,349 --> 00:39:07,359
and and

820
00:39:12,710 --> 00:39:09,359
he goes look really close you'll see the

821
00:39:15,910 --> 00:39:12,720
spider bite in the middle which was

822
00:39:17,910 --> 00:39:15,920
that big it's this big little tiny dot

823
00:39:18,950 --> 00:39:17,920
and that's it

824
00:39:21,030 --> 00:39:18,960
so

825
00:39:24,310 --> 00:39:21,040
wow did you go to the hospital well you

826
00:39:26,230 --> 00:39:24,320
did right what did they do venom uh this

827
00:39:28,950 --> 00:39:26,240
one wasn't that bad i have uh it's

828
00:39:31,430 --> 00:39:28,960
happened to me twice and the first one i

829
00:39:32,310 --> 00:39:31,440
had the necrotizing tissue which was not

830
00:39:34,950 --> 00:39:32,320
you know

831
00:39:37,030 --> 00:39:34,960
this one was just painful and

832
00:39:38,710 --> 00:39:37,040
it was right on the you know like the

833
00:39:40,790 --> 00:39:38,720
the sole of my foot

834
00:39:42,470 --> 00:39:40,800
and um it just

835
00:39:44,230 --> 00:39:42,480
hurt for a week but now it's starting to

836
00:39:45,910 --> 00:39:44,240
go away so i think i don't think i got a

837
00:39:49,990 --> 00:39:45,920
really bad one

838
00:39:52,150 --> 00:39:50,000
but um but it's it's the same thing so

839
00:39:53,589 --> 00:39:52,160
yeah i uh uh

840
00:39:56,710 --> 00:39:53,599
you know i live out here in the desert

841
00:39:58,870 --> 00:39:56,720
so there's all kinds of crazy stuff that

842
00:40:00,630 --> 00:39:58,880
humans have never seen before you know i

843
00:40:01,589 --> 00:40:00,640
discover new species every day of

844
00:40:04,230 --> 00:40:01,599
something

845
00:40:06,630 --> 00:40:04,240
and uh crazy insects i'm walking out

846
00:40:08,390 --> 00:40:06,640
onto the back patio out of the screen

847
00:40:11,109 --> 00:40:08,400
door we were talking about that earlier

848
00:40:13,109 --> 00:40:11,119
today right spider webs and uh but i

849
00:40:15,829 --> 00:40:13,119
walked through and the spider web

850
00:40:17,190 --> 00:40:15,839
uh this was uh about three months ago it

851
00:40:18,950 --> 00:40:17,200
hit me in the face

852
00:40:21,510 --> 00:40:18,960
and i just happened to look up and in

853
00:40:24,390 --> 00:40:21,520
the corner right right above my head you

854
00:40:26,550 --> 00:40:24,400
know it was a black widow but i mean

855
00:40:29,430 --> 00:40:26,560
big ginormous

856
00:40:30,309 --> 00:40:29,440
and i just kind of scooted around and

857
00:40:34,630 --> 00:40:30,319
uh

858
00:40:36,230 --> 00:40:34,640
i grabbed the spatula from my grill

859
00:40:39,349 --> 00:40:36,240
and said you know what you know and i

860
00:40:41,109 --> 00:40:39,359
just picked her up and she crawled onto

861
00:40:41,990 --> 00:40:41,119
the spatula i just walked out to the

862
00:40:45,109 --> 00:40:42,000
yard

863
00:40:46,710 --> 00:40:45,119
and and flinged her and and let her go

864
00:40:49,510 --> 00:40:46,720
and live her life

865
00:40:50,710 --> 00:40:49,520
but uh no not you're not going to camp

866
00:40:52,390 --> 00:40:50,720
out

867
00:40:55,510 --> 00:40:52,400
right

868
00:40:57,829 --> 00:40:55,520
above my head where i walk out of the

869
00:40:58,710 --> 00:40:57,839
the sliding door but are you feeling

870
00:41:01,190 --> 00:40:58,720
better

871
00:41:03,910 --> 00:41:01,200
oh yeah yeah it's it's it's going away

872
00:41:07,589 --> 00:41:03,920
um it was uh i i wasn't limping around

873
00:41:09,030 --> 00:41:07,599
though from it um did you see it so in

874
00:41:11,109 --> 00:41:09,040
the house

875
00:41:14,630 --> 00:41:11,119
in the studio

876
00:41:17,109 --> 00:41:14,640
literally three feet that way oh man and

877
00:41:22,230 --> 00:41:17,119
it was in there while i was on with you

878
00:41:26,069 --> 00:41:24,230
okay all right knock on wood fingers

879
00:41:28,630 --> 00:41:26,079
crossed uh we're gonna get through this

880
00:41:31,190 --> 00:41:28,640
show um what did it we've got a lot to

881
00:41:33,430 --> 00:41:31,200
talk about tonight and a lot of things

882
00:41:35,510 --> 00:41:33,440
but just one quick ques what did it feel

883
00:41:37,750 --> 00:41:35,520
like when it happened

884
00:41:39,270 --> 00:41:37,760
didn't didn't feel a thing either time

885
00:41:41,990 --> 00:41:39,280
that's what i've heard i should have

886
00:41:44,230 --> 00:41:42,000
heard uh you just notice it the next day

887
00:41:45,109 --> 00:41:44,240
yeah that's what i've heard that's crazy

888
00:41:47,589 --> 00:41:45,119
yeah

889
00:41:49,109 --> 00:41:47,599
that's crazy all right all right well

890
00:41:50,710 --> 00:41:49,119
i'm glad you're feeling better i mean

891
00:41:52,550 --> 00:41:50,720
just to mention

892
00:41:56,710 --> 00:41:52,560
when i was uh

893
00:41:58,870 --> 00:41:56,720
i was probably like in second grade

894
00:42:00,309 --> 00:41:58,880
you know when you really absorb stuff

895
00:42:02,230 --> 00:42:00,319
for the rest of your life right and

896
00:42:05,829 --> 00:42:02,240
carries with you i remember my second

897
00:42:09,109 --> 00:42:05,839
grade teacher and black widows and this

898
00:42:10,790 --> 00:42:09,119
and i went to wanna know brown recluse

899
00:42:12,790 --> 00:42:10,800
and she showed a picture

900
00:42:14,470 --> 00:42:12,800
right and you're like in second grade

901
00:42:16,790 --> 00:42:14,480
you know what

902
00:42:19,270 --> 00:42:16,800
and that's what you want to be scared of

903
00:42:21,829 --> 00:42:19,280
and for the rest of my life

904
00:42:23,910 --> 00:42:21,839
you know that's it that's it i i was

905
00:42:25,190 --> 00:42:23,920
warned i was warned

906
00:42:26,390 --> 00:42:25,200
all right

907
00:42:28,390 --> 00:42:26,400
now

908
00:42:30,309 --> 00:42:28,400
uh because we have so much to discuss

909
00:42:33,510 --> 00:42:30,319
tonight um john if you don't mind i just

910
00:42:34,390 --> 00:42:33,520
want to uh jump straight into it

911
00:42:35,349 --> 00:42:34,400
um

912
00:42:39,190 --> 00:42:35,359
and

913
00:42:41,750 --> 00:42:39,200
listening earlier

914
00:42:42,829 --> 00:42:41,760
when i was talking about the ability of

915
00:42:47,109 --> 00:42:42,839
humans to

916
00:42:49,510 --> 00:42:47,119
ponder um is an extraordinary gift that

917
00:42:51,109 --> 00:42:49,520
uh humans have been blessed with you

918
00:42:53,750 --> 00:42:51,119
know and i don't know if other species

919
00:42:54,710 --> 00:42:53,760
on this planet uh have the ability to

920
00:43:01,430 --> 00:42:54,720
ponder

921
00:43:03,589 --> 00:43:01,440
but the james webb space telescope

922
00:43:06,710 --> 00:43:03,599
is allowing all of us

923
00:43:08,230 --> 00:43:06,720
to ponder in our own little way in our

924
00:43:10,710 --> 00:43:08,240
own little world

925
00:43:13,510 --> 00:43:10,720
how is it that we have the gift you have

926
00:43:15,670 --> 00:43:13,520
the gift to ponder to look at these

927
00:43:17,270 --> 00:43:15,680
images uh today we were talking about a

928
00:43:20,230 --> 00:43:17,280
couple of the images

929
00:43:21,670 --> 00:43:20,240
and your thoughts uh you know that

930
00:43:23,030 --> 00:43:21,680
you're mentioning

931
00:43:25,109 --> 00:43:23,040
aren't

932
00:43:26,470 --> 00:43:25,119
my ponderings

933
00:43:28,309 --> 00:43:26,480
right you understand what i'm saying

934
00:43:30,550 --> 00:43:28,319
right i mean it's the way that we

935
00:43:31,510 --> 00:43:30,560
perceive images and thoughts and music

936
00:43:32,390 --> 00:43:31,520
and stuff

937
00:43:36,150 --> 00:43:32,400
um

938
00:43:38,470 --> 00:43:36,160
uh what why do we have that gift

939
00:43:41,349 --> 00:43:38,480
well i think that

940
00:43:44,150 --> 00:43:41,359
our evolution must have been dependent

941
00:43:45,349 --> 00:43:44,160
on our increasing intelligence keeping

942
00:43:47,910 --> 00:43:45,359
us alive

943
00:43:50,790 --> 00:43:47,920
and the reason that we're here and

944
00:43:53,430 --> 00:43:50,800
species of other species of human like

945
00:43:55,190 --> 00:43:53,440
homo erectus or or whatever

946
00:43:58,069 --> 00:43:55,200
they are not here is because they didn't

947
00:43:59,829 --> 00:43:58,079
have the wide ability and the wide diet

948
00:44:01,829 --> 00:43:59,839
you know to think about you know can i

949
00:44:05,670 --> 00:44:01,839
eat that berry or whatever

950
00:44:07,589 --> 00:44:05,680
and they didn't survive whereas we did

951
00:44:11,109 --> 00:44:07,599
simply because we have that wide variety

952
00:44:13,030 --> 00:44:11,119
and ability to say well what if you know

953
00:44:15,510 --> 00:44:13,040
um and that that seems to be one of the

954
00:44:16,630 --> 00:44:15,520
things that divides uh the hominids is

955
00:44:17,510 --> 00:44:16,640
that we're

956
00:44:19,109 --> 00:44:17,520
we're

957
00:44:20,870 --> 00:44:19,119
the first ones that were really

958
00:44:23,030 --> 00:44:20,880
adaptable because we can ask these kinds

959
00:44:26,069 --> 00:44:23,040
of questions

960
00:44:28,230 --> 00:44:26,079
just as you discover the universe your

961
00:44:30,630 --> 00:44:28,240
your natural curiosity and everything

962
00:44:31,990 --> 00:44:30,640
that's that's instilled in humanity just

963
00:44:34,390 --> 00:44:32,000
keeps that going

964
00:44:36,790 --> 00:44:34,400
well and it's it's got to be all dna

965
00:44:37,750 --> 00:44:36,800
based right i mean it just it just has

966
00:44:38,950 --> 00:44:37,760
to be

967
00:44:42,150 --> 00:44:38,960
uh the

968
00:44:44,069 --> 00:44:42,160
the hunting ability of of different

969
00:44:45,589 --> 00:44:44,079
animals and predators

970
00:44:48,230 --> 00:44:45,599
you know that that's a gift that we

971
00:44:51,109 --> 00:44:48,240
don't have you know smelling blood from

972
00:44:54,230 --> 00:44:51,119
you know 10 miles away and being able to

973
00:44:57,349 --> 00:44:54,240
track or whatever the nocturnal v

974
00:44:59,750 --> 00:44:57,359
these things well that's a dna gift it's

975
00:45:03,190 --> 00:44:59,760
not necessarily something that's taught

976
00:45:04,710 --> 00:45:03,200
so it's dna so is it just in our dna

977
00:45:06,790 --> 00:45:04,720
well it's initially in our dna our

978
00:45:08,390 --> 00:45:06,800
ability to uh be intelligent is

979
00:45:11,750 --> 00:45:08,400
obviously governed by the power of our

980
00:45:13,670 --> 00:45:11,760
brain which is governed by genetics um

981
00:45:15,670 --> 00:45:13,680
and so in that sense yes that's

982
00:45:17,750 --> 00:45:15,680
absolutely correct in in another sense

983
00:45:19,910 --> 00:45:17,760
though is that you know you can foster

984
00:45:21,190 --> 00:45:19,920
and teach a kid to be more curious than

985
00:45:25,030 --> 00:45:21,200
they would have been

986
00:45:27,670 --> 00:45:25,040
uh without it you know oh

987
00:45:31,510 --> 00:45:27,680
yeah well that that was heavy

988
00:45:33,190 --> 00:45:31,520
that was heavy right so without it it's

989
00:45:35,990 --> 00:45:33,200
in your dna but you have to be taught

990
00:45:37,670 --> 00:45:36,000
how to use it right right yeah

991
00:45:39,430 --> 00:45:37,680
you can hone it you know you it's like a

992
00:45:40,710 --> 00:45:39,440
skill you know

993
00:45:42,710 --> 00:45:40,720
and um

994
00:45:44,470 --> 00:45:42,720
that's why you know if if your kids

995
00:45:47,670 --> 00:45:44,480
chose any interest in science buy them a

996
00:45:52,069 --> 00:45:47,680
telescope and a microscope you know

997
00:45:53,829 --> 00:45:52,079
and when uh the james webb writes

998
00:45:55,670 --> 00:45:53,839
well you know what uh i've got a

999
00:45:57,829 --> 00:45:55,680
telescope it hasn't helped me yet but

1000
00:45:58,630 --> 00:45:57,839
let's see if it

1001
00:46:02,390 --> 00:45:58,640
maybe

1002
00:46:03,349 --> 00:46:02,400
because of that telescope uh we'll see

1003
00:46:04,790 --> 00:46:03,359
what happens

1004
00:46:06,390 --> 00:46:04,800
the um

1005
00:46:08,950 --> 00:46:06,400
the images

1006
00:46:10,470 --> 00:46:08,960
uh oh now let's let's let's back up for

1007
00:46:11,910 --> 00:46:10,480
a second because

1008
00:46:15,190 --> 00:46:11,920
uh

1009
00:46:16,630 --> 00:46:15,200
hubble and i've talked about this for

1010
00:46:20,870 --> 00:46:16,640
for so many years

1011
00:46:22,790 --> 00:46:20,880
um hubble and when hubble's first images

1012
00:46:25,349 --> 00:46:22,800
uh started coming back to us and we were

1013
00:46:27,109 --> 00:46:25,359
comparing them to well pixelated

1014
00:46:30,710 --> 00:46:27,119
satellite images number one and number

1015
00:46:33,030 --> 00:46:30,720
two our our ground base uh telescopes uh

1016
00:46:35,589 --> 00:46:33,040
which uh have gotten bigger and better

1017
00:46:39,030 --> 00:46:35,599
and depending on where they are and with

1018
00:46:41,430 --> 00:46:39,040
uh the atmosphere uh interfering or not

1019
00:46:44,390 --> 00:46:41,440
have been pretty incredible but then

1020
00:46:46,150 --> 00:46:44,400
hubble comes along and we thought

1021
00:46:48,230 --> 00:46:46,160
there's no way that it could ever get

1022
00:46:51,109 --> 00:46:48,240
better than this

1023
00:46:54,470 --> 00:46:51,119
and we were able to look at those images

1024
00:46:56,230 --> 00:46:54,480
when you first saw the hubble deep field

1025
00:46:59,270 --> 00:46:56,240
which was probably one of the biggest

1026
00:47:01,670 --> 00:46:59,280
game changer in in human history

1027
00:47:03,910 --> 00:47:01,680
uh those images when they came in

1028
00:47:06,790 --> 00:47:03,920
and now you're looking at the james webb

1029
00:47:08,470 --> 00:47:06,800
space telescope's images today same

1030
00:47:11,670 --> 00:47:08,480
impact for you

1031
00:47:14,150 --> 00:47:11,680
yeah it is um the

1032
00:47:15,190 --> 00:47:14,160
oh i can i i actually have a different

1033
00:47:17,589 --> 00:47:15,200
one though

1034
00:47:19,589 --> 00:47:17,599
uh the deep field was amazing i and i

1035
00:47:22,630 --> 00:47:19,599
absolutely love it and just the idea of

1036
00:47:24,309 --> 00:47:22,640
seeing gravity just is amazing to me but

1037
00:47:27,270 --> 00:47:24,319
what really amazes me about this

1038
00:47:28,950 --> 00:47:27,280
telescope so far is the exoplanet wasp

1039
00:47:32,150 --> 00:47:28,960
96b

1040
00:47:34,470 --> 00:47:32,160
where james webb was able to um

1041
00:47:35,750 --> 00:47:34,480
image this as it transited in front of

1042
00:47:37,270 --> 00:47:35,760
its star

1043
00:47:38,870 --> 00:47:37,280
and

1044
00:47:40,470 --> 00:47:38,880
essentially

1045
00:47:42,630 --> 00:47:40,480
see the weather

1046
00:47:45,829 --> 00:47:42,640
in other words you're looking at

1047
00:47:47,510 --> 00:47:45,839
the weather of an exoplanet

1048
00:47:50,230 --> 00:47:47,520
immense you know

1049
00:47:51,190 --> 00:47:50,240
amounts of distance away

1050
00:47:52,790 --> 00:47:51,200
and

1051
00:47:55,109 --> 00:47:52,800
you can actually tell that there's water

1052
00:47:57,829 --> 00:47:55,119
vapor active in its atmosphere from the

1053
00:47:59,349 --> 00:47:57,839
james webb data this is in contrast to

1054
00:48:01,990 --> 00:47:59,359
what we knew about this exoplanet

1055
00:48:03,829 --> 00:48:02,000
because the last measurements done

1056
00:48:06,870 --> 00:48:03,839
seemed to show that number one we saw

1057
00:48:08,950 --> 00:48:06,880
sodium which you normally wouldn't see

1058
00:48:10,710 --> 00:48:08,960
and number two

1059
00:48:12,630 --> 00:48:10,720
from that that

1060
00:48:14,790 --> 00:48:12,640
observation of sodium they concluded

1061
00:48:16,470 --> 00:48:14,800
that it had no clouds

1062
00:48:18,710 --> 00:48:16,480
well with the james webb data that

1063
00:48:20,630 --> 00:48:18,720
revises that science and says no there

1064
00:48:22,630 --> 00:48:20,640
are clouds so we might have actually

1065
00:48:24,790 --> 00:48:22,640
just caught that planet

1066
00:48:26,470 --> 00:48:24,800
on a a cloudless day

1067
00:48:30,470 --> 00:48:26,480
and now it's got a weather system you

1068
00:48:32,870 --> 00:48:30,480
know and that we're actually able to see

1069
00:48:35,270 --> 00:48:32,880
some type of weather on an exoplanet

1070
00:48:36,710 --> 00:48:35,280
that's light years away

1071
00:48:39,750 --> 00:48:36,720
there was alright

1072
00:48:40,549 --> 00:48:39,760
i've just i've just posted up uh

1073
00:48:43,190 --> 00:48:40,559
uh

1074
00:48:47,030 --> 00:48:43,200
the the data there's a few different

1075
00:48:49,670 --> 00:48:47,040
images of of the wasp uh out there

1076
00:48:51,589 --> 00:48:49,680
um and i thought that this was the best

1077
00:48:54,470 --> 00:48:51,599
graphic to

1078
00:48:57,349 --> 00:48:54,480
uh that this is an interpolation of the

1079
00:49:00,950 --> 00:48:57,359
the actual data as it came in but uh

1080
00:49:01,750 --> 00:49:00,960
this is the the wasp uh data

1081
00:49:04,870 --> 00:49:01,760
and

1082
00:49:08,309 --> 00:49:04,880
walk us through this um because

1083
00:49:11,030 --> 00:49:08,319
first off uh what's the distance here

1084
00:49:14,230 --> 00:49:11,040
wasp 96b um

1085
00:49:16,549 --> 00:49:14,240
i you know i'm not actually sure um we

1086
00:49:19,109 --> 00:49:16,559
can find out in two seconds though yeah

1087
00:49:20,549 --> 00:49:19,119
yeah and and so

1088
00:49:22,470 --> 00:49:20,559
again

1089
00:49:23,589 --> 00:49:22,480
you know talking about the ability to

1090
00:49:25,829 --> 00:49:23,599
ponder

1091
00:49:28,150 --> 00:49:25,839
and to think about things to to look up

1092
00:49:30,470 --> 00:49:28,160
at the stars and then

1093
00:49:32,549 --> 00:49:30,480
and wonder if there's an exoplanet out

1094
00:49:35,990 --> 00:49:32,559
there another planet

1095
00:49:38,470 --> 00:49:36,000
um is one thing but the ability now to

1096
00:49:41,829 --> 00:49:38,480
go and i agree with you

1097
00:49:44,549 --> 00:49:41,839
the ability to not just see

1098
00:49:45,829 --> 00:49:44,559
and detect an exoplanet

1099
00:49:49,030 --> 00:49:45,839
but to now

1100
00:49:52,230 --> 00:49:49,040
look at its atmosphere

1101
00:49:54,710 --> 00:49:52,240
and and measure its breakdown

1102
00:49:57,270 --> 00:49:54,720
that's that that's absolute crazy town

1103
00:49:59,910 --> 00:49:57,280
to me it is extremely distant it's at

1104
00:50:03,190 --> 00:49:59,920
1200 light years away yeah that's great

1105
00:50:05,990 --> 00:50:03,200
12 100 light years and we have some

1106
00:50:08,470 --> 00:50:06,000
sense of its weather because of the

1107
00:50:10,630 --> 00:50:08,480
clear detection of water vapor in the

1108
00:50:13,510 --> 00:50:10,640
atmosphere and how do you do that with

1109
00:50:16,470 --> 00:50:13,520
james webb as you wait for the star to

1110
00:50:18,470 --> 00:50:16,480
start passing in front

1111
00:50:20,870 --> 00:50:18,480
or you wait for the planet actually to

1112
00:50:22,309 --> 00:50:20,880
start passing in front of its host star

1113
00:50:23,990 --> 00:50:22,319
and as it does that

1114
00:50:25,670 --> 00:50:24,000
the light from the

1115
00:50:26,390 --> 00:50:25,680
the background star

1116
00:50:28,790 --> 00:50:26,400
is

1117
00:50:31,829 --> 00:50:28,800
altered by the atmosphere of the

1118
00:50:34,710 --> 00:50:31,839
exoplanet and that lets you see

1119
00:50:37,510 --> 00:50:34,720
and glimpse what chemicals are there

1120
00:50:39,589 --> 00:50:37,520
a spectrum breakdown a spectrum analysis

1121
00:50:40,630 --> 00:50:39,599
that's right and webb is very good at

1122
00:50:43,270 --> 00:50:40,640
that

1123
00:50:45,030 --> 00:50:43,280
and i was just looking uh

1124
00:50:46,549 --> 00:50:45,040
at the observation list the ongoing

1125
00:50:48,390 --> 00:50:46,559
observation lists

1126
00:50:51,510 --> 00:50:48,400
and they're just looking at all sorts of

1127
00:50:52,710 --> 00:50:51,520
exoplanets this week um

1128
00:50:55,510 --> 00:50:52,720
and in addition to that they've been

1129
00:50:57,750 --> 00:50:55,520
doing observations of the trappist-1

1130
00:50:59,910 --> 00:50:57,760
system which is probably the most

1131
00:51:00,870 --> 00:50:59,920
interesting exoplanet system we have so

1132
00:51:03,349 --> 00:51:00,880
far

1133
00:51:05,109 --> 00:51:03,359
and they're taking a look at that so

1134
00:51:07,589 --> 00:51:05,119
expect a lot of science and a lot of

1135
00:51:10,230 --> 00:51:07,599
papers coming out in the you know next

1136
00:51:13,430 --> 00:51:10,240
few months regarding uh trappist-1 in

1137
00:51:16,230 --> 00:51:13,440
particular and trappist-1 don't uh don't

1138
00:51:18,549 --> 00:51:16,240
be confused with the number one

1139
00:51:19,510 --> 00:51:18,559
there's seven exoplanets in that star

1140
00:51:21,270 --> 00:51:19,520
system

1141
00:51:23,829 --> 00:51:21,280
three within the habitable zone of the

1142
00:51:26,230 --> 00:51:23,839
star that is correct

1143
00:51:27,670 --> 00:51:26,240
and one specifically and i've looked at

1144
00:51:29,270 --> 00:51:27,680
some of the comments from some of the

1145
00:51:29,990 --> 00:51:29,280
astrophysicists

1146
00:51:32,470 --> 00:51:30,000
uh

1147
00:51:35,030 --> 00:51:32,480
talking about trappist-1 they they

1148
00:51:37,829 --> 00:51:35,040
absolutely believe one has life

1149
00:51:39,030 --> 00:51:37,839
yeah they're trying to disprove it

1150
00:51:40,950 --> 00:51:39,040
that's what

1151
00:51:42,309 --> 00:51:40,960
it very well could and if you and webb

1152
00:51:43,510 --> 00:51:42,319
will be able to see that because what

1153
00:51:45,270 --> 00:51:43,520
you look for

1154
00:51:47,510 --> 00:51:45,280
the first thing that you would look for

1155
00:51:50,230 --> 00:51:47,520
is disequilibriums

1156
00:51:52,150 --> 00:51:50,240
in gases in other words you know oxygen

1157
00:51:54,549 --> 00:51:52,160
is really reactive

1158
00:51:57,589 --> 00:51:54,559
and it likes to combine with other stuff

1159
00:51:59,750 --> 00:51:57,599
so when you see oxygen in an atmosphere

1160
00:52:02,309 --> 00:51:59,760
if it's in a disequilibrium like earth

1161
00:52:03,670 --> 00:52:02,319
is earth has way too much oxygen for its

1162
00:52:05,910 --> 00:52:03,680
own you know

1163
00:52:07,510 --> 00:52:05,920
ability to produce it

1164
00:52:09,750 --> 00:52:07,520
that's when you know that you're you're

1165
00:52:11,990 --> 00:52:09,760
looking at photosynthesis you know

1166
00:52:13,589 --> 00:52:12,000
there's an actual biosphere there's an

1167
00:52:14,870 --> 00:52:13,599
actual biosphere there so that's what

1168
00:52:18,470 --> 00:52:14,880
one of the things the first things i'll

1169
00:52:19,990 --> 00:52:18,480
look at is gas disequilibriums to see

1170
00:52:21,990 --> 00:52:20,000
because if you've got a disequilibrium

1171
00:52:24,309 --> 00:52:22,000
it means that something is replenishing

1172
00:52:26,230 --> 00:52:24,319
that gas as it reacts away

1173
00:52:29,430 --> 00:52:26,240
and you look for that you look for

1174
00:52:31,430 --> 00:52:29,440
methane and you know um gases that break

1175
00:52:33,829 --> 00:52:31,440
down and need to be replenished

1176
00:52:35,990 --> 00:52:33,839
so um that's one of the ways that you do

1177
00:52:37,910 --> 00:52:36,000
it you know you look for a biosphere but

1178
00:52:40,790 --> 00:52:37,920
there's other things you can do if you

1179
00:52:43,670 --> 00:52:40,800
start looking at exoplanets and you see

1180
00:52:46,309 --> 00:52:43,680
weird spikes in the chemistry such as

1181
00:52:48,390 --> 00:52:46,319
those produced by freon

1182
00:52:49,829 --> 00:52:48,400
you know cfcs

1183
00:52:52,710 --> 00:52:49,839
you know there's a civilization there

1184
00:52:55,349 --> 00:52:52,720
that yeah somebody's using a a lot of

1185
00:52:56,790 --> 00:52:55,359
aqua net hairspray

1186
00:52:59,270 --> 00:52:56,800
and here's the thing and i don't say

1187
00:53:02,470 --> 00:52:59,280
that in a just way i'm i'm saying that

1188
00:53:05,030 --> 00:53:02,480
like like uh in a very factual

1189
00:53:08,710 --> 00:53:05,040
uh manner when you look at the breakdown

1190
00:53:10,790 --> 00:53:08,720
here of of the wasp spectrum analysis

1191
00:53:13,430 --> 00:53:10,800
where they've detected water they've

1192
00:53:15,270 --> 00:53:13,440
detected methane they've detected carbon

1193
00:53:17,750 --> 00:53:15,280
dioxide

1194
00:53:19,670 --> 00:53:17,760
they detected ozone which is what you

1195
00:53:21,589 --> 00:53:19,680
just brought up

1196
00:53:23,510 --> 00:53:21,599
that that is

1197
00:53:25,349 --> 00:53:23,520
that is pretty telling

1198
00:53:27,349 --> 00:53:25,359
it feels like

1199
00:53:29,109 --> 00:53:27,359
earth doesn't it

1200
00:53:31,589 --> 00:53:29,119
it does accept that it's the wrong kind

1201
00:53:34,069 --> 00:53:31,599
of planet it's a big gas giant

1202
00:53:36,710 --> 00:53:34,079
and uh the reason that it was chosen was

1203
00:53:38,549 --> 00:53:36,720
because it was big and visible

1204
00:53:40,150 --> 00:53:38,559
where a web will contract down a bit

1205
00:53:42,230 --> 00:53:40,160
though is when you get into terrestrial

1206
00:53:44,870 --> 00:53:42,240
worlds and trying to figure those out it

1207
00:53:45,990 --> 00:53:44,880
can't do those at great distance

1208
00:53:47,109 --> 00:53:46,000
now

1209
00:53:50,150 --> 00:53:47,119
can we talk

1210
00:53:53,270 --> 00:53:50,160
just real briefly uh before the break

1211
00:53:54,790 --> 00:53:53,280
um we hear about gas giants like jupiter

1212
00:53:57,670 --> 00:53:54,800
which

1213
00:53:59,910 --> 00:53:57,680
could have the makings of uh

1214
00:54:02,630 --> 00:53:59,920
uh becoming a star or maybe it's a

1215
00:54:04,549 --> 00:54:02,640
failed star it just didn't uh do what it

1216
00:54:07,910 --> 00:54:04,559
needed to do or whatever but

1217
00:54:09,829 --> 00:54:07,920
but there is no actual terra firma right

1218
00:54:11,750 --> 00:54:09,839
they may be circular they may be

1219
00:54:13,829 --> 00:54:11,760
beautiful spherical

1220
00:54:16,309 --> 00:54:13,839
they're very beautiful but there's

1221
00:54:19,190 --> 00:54:16,319
there's no there's no rocks

1222
00:54:22,390 --> 00:54:19,200
there is and there isn't um

1223
00:54:26,069 --> 00:54:22,400
way way deep into a gas giant like

1224
00:54:28,309 --> 00:54:26,079
jupiter there probably is a rocky core

1225
00:54:30,549 --> 00:54:28,319
that's you know the the you know the

1226
00:54:31,910 --> 00:54:30,559
material from the protoplanetary disk

1227
00:54:34,230 --> 00:54:31,920
that it coalesced out of so there

1228
00:54:35,670 --> 00:54:34,240
probably is an earth-sized core there

1229
00:54:37,589 --> 00:54:35,680
you know

1230
00:54:40,230 --> 00:54:37,599
the real planet jupiter

1231
00:54:43,589 --> 00:54:40,240
then it's surrounded by

1232
00:54:45,190 --> 00:54:43,599
essentially a very calm

1233
00:54:49,910 --> 00:54:45,200
ocean

1234
00:54:52,470 --> 00:54:49,920
metallic hydrogen

1235
00:54:53,670 --> 00:54:52,480
and this is hydrogen that is compacted

1236
00:54:55,270 --> 00:54:53,680
so

1237
00:54:57,910 --> 00:54:55,280
uh

1238
00:54:59,430 --> 00:54:57,920
densely that it actually exists in its

1239
00:55:01,349 --> 00:54:59,440
metallic form

1240
00:55:03,030 --> 00:55:01,359
and it's one of the weirder substances

1241
00:55:05,349 --> 00:55:03,040
in the universe because if that if that

1242
00:55:07,990 --> 00:55:05,359
model is correct which is it hasn't been

1243
00:55:08,950 --> 00:55:08,000
proven but it probably is correct

1244
00:55:10,950 --> 00:55:08,960
then

1245
00:55:13,349 --> 00:55:10,960
metallic hydrogen

1246
00:55:15,109 --> 00:55:13,359
in addition to being compact like that

1247
00:55:16,950 --> 00:55:15,119
we think it might be metastable in other

1248
00:55:18,230 --> 00:55:16,960
words you could actually remove metallic

1249
00:55:20,789 --> 00:55:18,240
hydrogen

1250
00:55:23,109 --> 00:55:20,799
and have it off the gas giant

1251
00:55:24,390 --> 00:55:23,119
and that that'd be pretty strange stuff

1252
00:55:26,230 --> 00:55:24,400
um

1253
00:55:27,750 --> 00:55:26,240
so you've got that and then above that

1254
00:55:28,630 --> 00:55:27,760
as the pressure decreases the higher you

1255
00:55:33,910 --> 00:55:28,640
get

1256
00:55:36,309 --> 00:55:33,920
hydrogen and helium envelope that that

1257
00:55:38,870 --> 00:55:36,319
covers a gas giant and they probably all

1258
00:55:41,349 --> 00:55:38,880
work very similar to this um where it

1259
00:55:44,150 --> 00:55:41,359
gets weird is it possible well is it i

1260
00:55:47,750 --> 00:55:44,160
just cut you off gmg i apologize for

1261
00:55:50,390 --> 00:55:47,760
that but is it possible for life uh to

1262
00:55:52,950 --> 00:55:50,400
develop on a planet like that and if it

1263
00:55:54,950 --> 00:55:52,960
did would you live in cities that

1264
00:55:56,630 --> 00:55:54,960
floated instead of

1265
00:55:59,270 --> 00:55:56,640
on the surface of

1266
00:56:00,710 --> 00:55:59,280
metallic hydrogen oceans which sounds

1267
00:56:02,630 --> 00:56:00,720
beautiful by the way

1268
00:56:05,670 --> 00:56:02,640
it probably wouldn't be there but there

1269
00:56:08,069 --> 00:56:05,680
has been um some hypotheses that you

1270
00:56:10,630 --> 00:56:08,079
could have a situation where in the

1271
00:56:14,150 --> 00:56:10,640
upper atmosphere of gas giant clinging

1272
00:56:17,349 --> 00:56:14,160
to uh water vapor uh droplets you could

1273
00:56:18,630 --> 00:56:17,359
have you could have um some form of life

1274
00:56:20,549 --> 00:56:18,640
now

1275
00:56:21,910 --> 00:56:20,559
that would be something like microbial

1276
00:56:23,670 --> 00:56:21,920
life the problem is how does it get

1277
00:56:25,190 --> 00:56:23,680
started so it almost would have to be

1278
00:56:25,990 --> 00:56:25,200
contamination

1279
00:56:28,230 --> 00:56:26,000
that

1280
00:56:30,309 --> 00:56:28,240
was there some panspermic meteorite

1281
00:56:31,109 --> 00:56:30,319
deposited you know some microbial life

1282
00:56:32,870 --> 00:56:31,119
there

1283
00:56:35,190 --> 00:56:32,880
but that people have gone further and

1284
00:56:36,230 --> 00:56:35,200
most notably with with gas giant life

1285
00:56:39,030 --> 00:56:36,240
was carl

1286
00:56:41,510 --> 00:56:39,040
sagan who envisioned an entire ecosystem

1287
00:56:44,549 --> 00:56:41,520
evolving in the upper atmosphere of a

1288
00:56:47,349 --> 00:56:44,559
gas giant and he saw gigantic gas bags

1289
00:56:48,870 --> 00:56:47,359
that float around and you know predatory

1290
00:56:50,309 --> 00:56:48,880
things that eat them and all these all

1291
00:56:53,510 --> 00:56:50,319
these sorts of things

1292
00:56:54,870 --> 00:56:53,520
but that was 30 35 years ago

1293
00:56:57,349 --> 00:56:54,880
and it's it's

1294
00:56:59,190 --> 00:56:57,359
it's hard to envision that life can get

1295
00:57:00,950 --> 00:56:59,200
that far but at the same time every time

1296
00:57:02,789 --> 00:57:00,960
we say life can't do something it does

1297
00:57:05,190 --> 00:57:02,799
it so

1298
00:57:08,069 --> 00:57:05,200
right right right um

1299
00:57:09,829 --> 00:57:08,079
we we've we've got to take a break um

1300
00:57:12,470 --> 00:57:09,839
but here's

1301
00:57:13,910 --> 00:57:12,480
here's a question that you can answer

1302
00:57:16,069 --> 00:57:13,920
really quickly and it's going to set up

1303
00:57:18,710 --> 00:57:16,079
for everything that is about to follow

1304
00:57:22,789 --> 00:57:18,720
after the break

1305
00:57:24,870 --> 00:57:22,799
a spectrum analysis is something that

1306
00:57:26,870 --> 00:57:24,880
can happen

1307
00:57:30,470 --> 00:57:26,880
absolutely quickly

1308
00:57:32,950 --> 00:57:30,480
once you get the data so when you have a

1309
00:57:34,390 --> 00:57:32,960
a transiting planet something passing in

1310
00:57:38,710 --> 00:57:34,400
front of a star

1311
00:57:40,470 --> 00:57:38,720
um and you uh take those images

1312
00:57:42,710 --> 00:57:40,480
pretty much the analysis

1313
00:57:44,390 --> 00:57:42,720
is is instantaneous after that right we

1314
00:57:46,950 --> 00:57:44,400
don't have to wait for months

1315
00:57:49,430 --> 00:57:46,960
the analysis can be done very quickly

1316
00:57:51,270 --> 00:57:49,440
yeah in that case it it's fairly

1317
00:57:52,870 --> 00:57:51,280
straightforward because the raw data is

1318
00:57:55,030 --> 00:57:52,880
pretty easy to process it's when you get

1319
00:57:55,990 --> 00:57:55,040
into the imagery that it takes a bit

1320
00:57:57,349 --> 00:57:56,000
longer

1321
00:57:59,270 --> 00:57:57,359
but they can do it they can do it in a

1322
00:58:00,870 --> 00:57:59,280
matter of you know even even a complex

1323
00:58:03,670 --> 00:58:00,880
image they can do in a matter of a few

1324
00:58:05,190 --> 00:58:03,680
days yeah that's crazy isn't it is it

1325
00:58:07,750 --> 00:58:05,200
isn't that just

1326
00:58:10,470 --> 00:58:07,760
now um one

1327
00:58:13,750 --> 00:58:10,480
one last there's another quick question

1328
00:58:15,750 --> 00:58:13,760
do you think that now nasa has already

1329
00:58:17,829 --> 00:58:15,760
answered this question and said no but i

1330
00:58:19,670 --> 00:58:17,839
don't believe them

1331
00:58:20,870 --> 00:58:19,680
okay and i think that things can be

1332
00:58:24,069 --> 00:58:20,880
modified

1333
00:58:26,309 --> 00:58:24,079
but do you think that the james webb

1334
00:58:27,829 --> 00:58:26,319
would be able to

1335
00:58:30,789 --> 00:58:27,839
see

1336
00:58:33,349 --> 00:58:30,799
a techno signature of

1337
00:58:35,670 --> 00:58:33,359
of a lit up city

1338
00:58:37,109 --> 00:58:35,680
during the night

1339
00:58:40,470 --> 00:58:37,119
okay the

1340
00:58:42,870 --> 00:58:40,480
how that works yes in in principle you

1341
00:58:43,670 --> 00:58:42,880
can do that and there have been papers

1342
00:58:46,870 --> 00:58:43,680
on

1343
00:58:48,309 --> 00:58:46,880
detecting artificial lighting at um

1344
00:58:50,950 --> 00:58:48,319
at exoplanets

1345
00:58:53,750 --> 00:58:50,960
and there's one even further than that

1346
00:58:56,630 --> 00:58:53,760
i'll get to that in a minute but

1347
00:58:58,789 --> 00:58:56,640
yes you might be able to do it as long

1348
00:58:59,990 --> 00:58:58,799
as the exoplanet is close

1349
00:59:03,589 --> 00:59:00,000
however

1350
00:59:09,030 --> 00:59:05,990
and web could definitely do this look

1351
00:59:10,549 --> 00:59:09,040
for it on ort cloud bodies and see if

1352
00:59:12,309 --> 00:59:10,559
there is

1353
00:59:14,549 --> 00:59:12,319
street licensing or cloud

1354
00:59:15,430 --> 00:59:14,559
on on these kuiper belt objects

1355
00:59:17,349 --> 00:59:15,440
yeah

1356
00:59:19,349 --> 00:59:17,359
well i could progress it in a paper

1357
00:59:20,789 --> 00:59:19,359
because it's eminently doable we can do

1358
00:59:21,910 --> 00:59:20,799
it with with

1359
00:59:24,789 --> 00:59:21,920
any large

1360
00:59:28,069 --> 00:59:24,799
telescope based on uh based on earth and

1361
00:59:31,750 --> 00:59:28,079
do a techno signature search close in

1362
00:59:34,470 --> 00:59:31,760
just to see you never know right avi avi

1363
00:59:36,630 --> 00:59:34,480
speculated avilobe of harvard

1364
00:59:39,829 --> 00:59:36,640
um he's spoken about this and he's

1365
00:59:40,789 --> 00:59:39,839
written about it uh too as well where

1366
00:59:42,630 --> 00:59:40,799
um

1367
00:59:46,069 --> 00:59:42,640
would it be possible

1368
00:59:49,190 --> 00:59:46,079
if we had a satellite-based telescope

1369
00:59:51,510 --> 00:59:49,200
positioned out at the end of everything

1370
00:59:53,990 --> 00:59:51,520
here you know in pluto's orbit

1371
00:59:56,309 --> 00:59:54,000
and turn around and looked back at earth

1372
00:59:59,190 --> 00:59:56,319
would we be able to see

1373
01:00:01,349 --> 00:59:59,200
cities on earth during the night

1374
01:00:03,910 --> 01:00:01,359
and it wasn't you know it wasn't clearly

1375
01:00:05,670 --> 01:00:03,920
answered but he thinks it's doable

1376
01:00:07,990 --> 01:00:05,680
we're not you know we're talking about

1377
01:00:11,270 --> 01:00:08,000
looking out into other star systems

1378
01:00:12,390 --> 01:00:11,280
he was contemplating the ability just to

1379
01:00:16,789 --> 01:00:12,400
prove it

1380
01:00:20,309 --> 01:00:16,799
you know here in in our own solar system

1381
01:00:23,030 --> 01:00:20,319
um and and that hasn't firmly been

1382
01:00:25,510 --> 01:00:23,040
answered yet and so how could we do it

1383
01:00:30,309 --> 01:00:25,520
with say wasp or something else that or

1384
01:00:31,990 --> 01:00:30,319
trappist trappist isn't that far away um

1385
01:00:34,870 --> 01:00:32,000
it was 40 light years i think something

1386
01:00:36,710 --> 01:00:34,880
yeah yeah 40 it's it's it's next door

1387
01:00:39,190 --> 01:00:36,720
well let's take our break right here our

1388
01:00:42,390 --> 01:00:39,200
guest tonight john michael gautier the

1389
01:00:43,829 --> 01:00:42,400
event horizon actually there's no

1390
01:00:45,910 --> 01:00:43,839
the

1391
01:00:47,750 --> 01:00:45,920
it's just event horizon i am your host

1392
01:00:49,190 --> 01:00:47,760
jimmy church i guess tonight john

1393
01:00:51,990 --> 01:00:49,200
michael godier we're going to take a

1394
01:00:54,230 --> 01:00:52,000
quick break we will be right back

1395
01:00:56,230 --> 01:00:54,240
more on the james webb space telescope

1396
01:00:58,560 --> 01:00:56,240
we've got some crazy images coming up

1397
01:01:05,020 --> 01:00:58,570
i'm real simply church stay with us

1398
01:01:28,069 --> 01:01:25,910
[Music]

1399
01:01:33,030 --> 01:01:28,079
this is fade to black with jimmy church

1400
01:01:38,950 --> 01:01:35,510
your 1 million gigawatt paranormal

1401
01:01:41,510 --> 01:01:38,960
powerhouse kumx db

1402
01:01:43,910 --> 01:01:41,520
the x

1403
01:01:47,030 --> 01:01:43,920
oh fader knots jimmy church here you've

1404
01:01:49,109 --> 01:01:47,040
seen me with my thunderstorm now you can

1405
01:01:51,109 --> 01:01:49,119
purify the air in your home and get

1406
01:01:53,430 --> 01:01:51,119
healthy clean fresh smelling air and

1407
01:01:55,430 --> 01:01:53,440
eliminate odors just like i do right

1408
01:01:57,990 --> 01:01:55,440
here in the bunker the eden pier

1409
01:02:00,470 --> 01:01:58,000
thunderstorm uses oxy technology that

1410
01:02:02,789 --> 01:02:00,480
naturally sends out o3 molecules into

1411
01:02:05,109 --> 01:02:02,799
the air which seek out odors and air

1412
01:02:07,670 --> 01:02:05,119
pollutants in your home and destroys

1413
01:02:10,150 --> 01:02:07,680
them it's called a thunderstorm because

1414
01:02:12,630 --> 01:02:10,160
it purifies the air just like after a

1415
01:02:14,390 --> 01:02:12,640
thunderstorm and right now you can save

1416
01:02:17,270 --> 01:02:14,400
two hundred dollars on an eden pier

1417
01:02:19,430 --> 01:02:17,280
thunderstorm three pack for whole home

1418
01:02:21,510 --> 01:02:19,440
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1419
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you're getting three units for under two

1420
01:02:24,150 --> 01:02:22,799
hundred dollars

1421
01:02:25,150 --> 01:02:24,160
seriously

1422
01:02:28,870 --> 01:02:25,160
go to

1423
01:02:31,430 --> 01:02:28,880
edenpuredeals.com and use fader three

1424
01:02:34,150 --> 01:02:31,440
shipping is free and it's easy just

1425
01:02:34,950 --> 01:02:34,160
scroll down you'll see my name right

1426
01:02:38,150 --> 01:02:34,960
there

1427
01:02:44,230 --> 01:02:38,160
jimmy church click on it and get your

1428
01:02:48,470 --> 01:02:46,390
this is billy carson founder and ceo of

1429
01:02:50,710 --> 01:02:48,480
forbidden knowledge dot tv forbidden

1430
01:02:52,470 --> 01:02:50,720
knowledge dot tv is the fastest growing

1431
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and one of the most watched networks in

1432
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the world and i would like to personally

1433
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invite you to check out our expanding

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and with my personal invitation you can

1440
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1441
01:03:17,829 --> 01:03:15,520
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1442
01:03:22,549 --> 01:03:17,839
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1443
01:03:26,710 --> 01:03:24,630
because you never got that pony you

1444
01:03:28,390 --> 01:03:26,720
always wanted

1445
01:03:30,789 --> 01:03:28,400
damn it

1446
01:03:33,670 --> 01:03:30,799
jimmy church and fade to black on the

1447
01:03:36,870 --> 01:03:33,680
game changer network

1448
01:03:39,270 --> 01:03:36,880
listen i know and you know that you've

1449
01:03:41,510 --> 01:03:39,280
always wanted your first crystal skull

1450
01:03:43,670 --> 01:03:41,520
or maybe you're a collector just like me

1451
01:03:45,510 --> 01:03:43,680
but you just don't know where to go to

1452
01:03:48,150 --> 01:03:45,520
find the real thing

1453
01:03:50,150 --> 01:03:48,160
then i met carolyn ford over at einstein

1454
01:03:52,630 --> 01:03:50,160
the crystalskull.com

1455
01:03:54,549 --> 01:03:52,640
carolyn is the guardian of einstein one

1456
01:03:57,029 --> 01:03:54,559
of the most respected ancient crystal

1457
01:03:58,870 --> 01:03:57,039
skulls in the world all of her unique

1458
01:04:01,270 --> 01:03:58,880
skulls have been imprinted sitting with

1459
01:04:03,190 --> 01:04:01,280
einstein in his sacred lodge and are

1460
01:04:05,910 --> 01:04:03,200
carved from the finest gemstone and

1461
01:04:07,990 --> 01:04:05,920
materials imprinting is the process of

1462
01:04:11,510 --> 01:04:08,000
receiving the ancient wisdom from the

1463
01:04:13,990 --> 01:04:11,520
master skull or master computer einstein

1464
01:04:15,750 --> 01:04:14,000
the ancient crystal skull to see

1465
01:04:18,470 --> 01:04:15,760
carolyn's current collection of crystal

1466
01:04:20,789 --> 01:04:18,480
skulls just visit her store at einstein

1467
01:04:23,349 --> 01:04:20,799
the crystal skull.com click on the

1468
01:04:25,990 --> 01:04:23,359
banner over on our site don't forget to

1469
01:04:28,710 --> 01:04:26,000
use the promo code jimmy at checkout to

1470
01:04:31,670 --> 01:04:28,720
receive 10 off of your order today

1471
01:04:34,549 --> 01:04:31,680
that's promo code jimmy finding your

1472
01:04:45,190 --> 01:04:34,559
first or next crystal skull is easy just

1473
01:04:48,950 --> 01:04:47,029
hi this is race hobbes here repping the

1474
01:04:52,350 --> 01:04:48,960
planet and you're listening to my good

1475
01:04:53,510 --> 01:04:52,360
friend jimmy church fade to black

1476
01:04:55,750 --> 01:04:53,520
[Music]

1477
01:04:57,750 --> 01:04:55,760
this is toby kebble you're listening to

1478
01:05:00,789 --> 01:04:57,760
jimmychurchradio.com

1479
01:05:03,109 --> 01:05:00,799
don't hurt me jimmy i'm only little hey

1480
01:05:11,349 --> 01:05:03,119
i'm adrian grenier and this is ari gold

1481
01:05:14,549 --> 01:05:12,309
brothers

1482
01:05:16,150 --> 01:05:14,559
and you're listening to jimmy church a

1483
01:05:17,829 --> 01:05:16,160
revolution

1484
01:05:19,750 --> 01:05:17,839
this is jimmy church of fade to black

1485
01:05:22,069 --> 01:05:19,760
and you can become an official fate or

1486
01:05:23,029 --> 01:05:22,079
not by just going to our membership

1487
01:05:26,390 --> 01:05:23,039
section

1488
01:05:30,710 --> 01:05:28,390
hello this is serena wright taylor from

1489
01:05:33,029 --> 01:05:30,720
conscious life expo and you're listening

1490
01:05:35,430 --> 01:05:33,039
to fade to black with jimmy church who

1491
01:05:38,710 --> 01:05:35,440
holds the lucky pony record for the best

1492
01:05:40,870 --> 01:05:38,720
astrological chart since 1963.

1493
01:05:42,549 --> 01:05:40,880
true story

1494
01:05:44,230 --> 01:05:42,559
this is micah hanks of the ghrelian

1495
01:05:52,990 --> 01:05:44,240
report and you're listening to jimmy

1496
01:06:08,470 --> 01:06:02,630
[Music]

1497
01:06:09,750 --> 01:06:08,480
welcome back fade to block i'm nervous

1498
01:06:12,789 --> 01:06:09,760
jimmy church tonight john michael

1499
01:06:14,549 --> 01:06:12,799
gautier is with us event horizon

1500
01:06:16,549 --> 01:06:14,559
and right now

1501
01:06:19,109 --> 01:06:16,559
you can get the eden pier thunderstorm

1502
01:06:20,549 --> 01:06:19,119
this is mine this is the one i have here

1503
01:06:23,750 --> 01:06:20,559
in the studio

1504
01:06:26,309 --> 01:06:23,760
you can plug it in the wall i use usb

1505
01:06:28,789 --> 01:06:26,319
which is right here it's got a little uh

1506
01:06:29,910 --> 01:06:28,799
dial on the side max and all of that

1507
01:06:30,789 --> 01:06:29,920
stuff

1508
01:06:33,910 --> 01:06:30,799
and

1509
01:06:37,029 --> 01:06:33,920
you can purify your air you can

1510
01:06:37,910 --> 01:06:37,039
kill viruses but the point is smells

1511
01:06:40,390 --> 01:06:37,920
great

1512
01:06:42,470 --> 01:06:40,400
and you can't hear it and you can put

1513
01:06:44,789 --> 01:06:42,480
one in your car one in the kitchen they

1514
01:06:46,950 --> 01:06:44,799
have a three pack deal going on right

1515
01:06:49,910 --> 01:06:46,960
now just for the fader knots three pack

1516
01:06:52,549 --> 01:06:49,920
where you are gonna save over 200 and

1517
01:06:56,069 --> 01:06:52,559
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1518
01:06:57,829 --> 01:06:56,079
below simple promo code fader three

1519
01:06:59,349 --> 01:06:57,839
and you can be just like jimmy you can

1520
01:07:01,750 --> 01:06:59,359
smell fresh

1521
01:07:04,150 --> 01:07:01,760
all right no word on what it does with

1522
01:07:07,190 --> 01:07:04,160
brown recluse spiders but uh i'll see if

1523
01:07:08,069 --> 01:07:07,200
i can get some data on that and uh there

1524
01:07:09,829 --> 01:07:08,079
you go

1525
01:07:10,789 --> 01:07:09,839
all right our guest tonight the one and

1526
01:07:12,829 --> 01:07:10,799
only

1527
01:07:15,750 --> 01:07:12,839
john michael godier now

1528
01:07:17,589 --> 01:07:15,760
uh jgm

1529
01:07:18,950 --> 01:07:17,599
man you know what i never call you by

1530
01:07:21,190 --> 01:07:18,960
your name

1531
01:07:24,069 --> 01:07:21,200
hey you know i kind of noticed that in

1532
01:07:25,910 --> 01:07:24,079
in our emails and things and when we

1533
01:07:28,309 --> 01:07:25,920
talk on the phone

1534
01:07:30,390 --> 01:07:28,319
i you got two you got too many cool

1535
01:07:31,109 --> 01:07:30,400
things going on man

1536
01:07:33,270 --> 01:07:31,119
yeah

1537
01:07:35,349 --> 01:07:33,280
i got i thought my name sounds like i

1538
01:07:36,789 --> 01:07:35,359
should be playing hockey up in canada

1539
01:07:39,990 --> 01:07:36,799
and there's a reason for that because

1540
01:07:41,910 --> 01:07:40,000
i'm connected to montreal so

1541
01:07:43,750 --> 01:07:41,920
well okay but you've got all your front

1542
01:07:45,430 --> 01:07:43,760
teeth though i do

1543
01:07:48,390 --> 01:07:45,440
you know i didn't say i was good at

1544
01:07:50,470 --> 01:07:48,400
hockey but

1545
01:07:53,029 --> 01:07:50,480
yeah that's right though and now coming

1546
01:07:57,829 --> 01:07:53,039
on to the eyes john michael gautier from

1547
01:08:01,430 --> 01:07:59,190
um

1548
01:08:02,950 --> 01:08:01,440
i want to uh we've been talking about

1549
01:08:04,470 --> 01:08:02,960
the deep field

1550
01:08:07,029 --> 01:08:04,480
and uh

1551
01:08:08,950 --> 01:08:07,039
the first images i'm gonna i'm gonna pop

1552
01:08:12,390 --> 01:08:08,960
one up here there's there's two i'm

1553
01:08:13,430 --> 01:08:12,400
gonna show but uh here we go

1554
01:08:14,710 --> 01:08:13,440
and

1555
01:08:15,910 --> 01:08:14,720
uh

1556
01:08:17,510 --> 01:08:15,920
man

1557
01:08:19,990 --> 01:08:17,520
right

1558
01:08:21,990 --> 01:08:20,000
and and i thought that the hubble i went

1559
01:08:23,430 --> 01:08:22,000
back and i did what everybody else did i

1560
01:08:25,749 --> 01:08:23,440
went back and looked at the hubble i

1561
01:08:28,470 --> 01:08:25,759
know that you did too

1562
01:08:29,590 --> 01:08:28,480
yeah and and and then you come back to

1563
01:08:32,709 --> 01:08:29,600
it's like

1564
01:08:34,630 --> 01:08:32,719
it night and day doesn't do this justice

1565
01:08:35,590 --> 01:08:34,640
in in comparisons

1566
01:08:38,870 --> 01:08:35,600
um

1567
01:08:41,669 --> 01:08:38,880
the richness of the detail the focus

1568
01:08:43,669 --> 01:08:41,679
and and things you can see down uh to

1569
01:08:46,309 --> 01:08:43,679
levels of precision

1570
01:08:48,789 --> 01:08:46,319
that uh you just can't imagine this but

1571
01:08:50,789 --> 01:08:48,799
here it is it's going on in real time

1572
01:08:54,149 --> 01:08:50,799
uh tell us about your thoughts uh when

1573
01:08:55,110 --> 01:08:54,159
you first saw the james webb's deep

1574
01:08:59,510 --> 01:08:55,120
field

1575
01:09:01,430 --> 01:08:59,520
observation was on the gravitational

1576
01:09:02,470 --> 01:09:01,440
lensing and how clear it was as opposed

1577
01:09:04,950 --> 01:09:02,480
to hubble

1578
01:09:07,349 --> 01:09:04,960
okay stop stop stop stop okay actually

1579
01:09:09,390 --> 01:09:07,359
actually i'm just going to let everybody

1580
01:09:12,550 --> 01:09:09,400
know it's right here in my notes

1581
01:09:15,990 --> 01:09:12,560
gravitational lensing okay

1582
01:09:19,269 --> 01:09:16,000
this is a complex issue and and

1583
01:09:22,229 --> 01:09:19,279
uh we need to explain uh to the audience

1584
01:09:23,189 --> 01:09:22,239
exactly what it is because nasa and

1585
01:09:25,829 --> 01:09:23,199
others

1586
01:09:27,829 --> 01:09:25,839
just say gravitational lensing and they

1587
01:09:29,430 --> 01:09:27,839
just you know it's just something a term

1588
01:09:32,390 --> 01:09:29,440
that's thrown about

1589
01:09:35,349 --> 01:09:32,400
uh like everybody understands uh what

1590
01:09:39,749 --> 01:09:35,359
what they're referring to um this is a

1591
01:09:43,030 --> 01:09:39,759
very complex phenomenon and it's amazing

1592
01:09:44,309 --> 01:09:43,040
but nobody really understands so we're

1593
01:09:47,990 --> 01:09:44,319
going to be talking about that a lot

1594
01:09:51,269 --> 01:09:48,000
tonight what is gravitational lensing

1595
01:09:53,910 --> 01:09:51,279
okay this goes back to albert einstein

1596
01:09:57,430 --> 01:09:53,920
and his predictions of uh his theory of

1597
01:09:59,990 --> 01:09:57,440
relativity and our theories and what it

1598
01:10:02,790 --> 01:10:00,000
is is that gravity

1599
01:10:03,910 --> 01:10:02,800
is capable of bending space-time that's

1600
01:10:06,950 --> 01:10:03,920
what it is

1601
01:10:09,430 --> 01:10:06,960
is a warp in space time caused by the

1602
01:10:11,830 --> 01:10:09,440
presence of an object so if you think

1603
01:10:13,990 --> 01:10:11,840
about it like your bed all right and you

1604
01:10:16,470 --> 01:10:14,000
put a bowling ball right in the center

1605
01:10:18,630 --> 01:10:16,480
of the bed it makes an indentation

1606
01:10:21,110 --> 01:10:18,640
and that curve of the sheets going down

1607
01:10:23,110 --> 01:10:21,120
to the bowling ball is how space behaves

1608
01:10:26,149 --> 01:10:23,120
as a matter of fact einstein's

1609
01:10:27,110 --> 01:10:26,159
mathematics that he used are essentially

1610
01:10:28,709 --> 01:10:27,120
the same

1611
01:10:30,870 --> 01:10:28,719
physical mathematics that you would use

1612
01:10:33,669 --> 01:10:30,880
to describe a trampoline bending you

1613
01:10:35,350 --> 01:10:33,679
know it's that sort of tensor type stuff

1614
01:10:37,350 --> 01:10:35,360
well when light

1615
01:10:40,149 --> 01:10:37,360
gets near an intense gravitational

1616
01:10:41,830 --> 01:10:40,159
source such as an entire galaxy it's

1617
01:10:44,149 --> 01:10:41,840
visibly bent

1618
01:10:46,470 --> 01:10:44,159
and so what you see in the deep field of

1619
01:10:48,709 --> 01:10:46,480
from both web and holy you see these

1620
01:10:53,750 --> 01:10:48,719
arcs of light and what those are

1621
01:10:56,229 --> 01:10:53,760
are distorted galaxies behind the object

1622
01:10:57,590 --> 01:10:56,239
being bent around and distorted from

1623
01:10:58,390 --> 01:10:57,600
your point of view

1624
01:11:00,390 --> 01:10:58,400
and

1625
01:11:02,950 --> 01:11:00,400
usually that foreground object is

1626
01:11:05,110 --> 01:11:02,960
definitely in the case of web is a

1627
01:11:06,790 --> 01:11:05,120
galaxy a foreground galaxy and it's the

1628
01:11:08,709 --> 01:11:06,800
entire collective

1629
01:11:09,910 --> 01:11:08,719
gravity of all those stars bending the

1630
01:11:12,950 --> 01:11:09,920
light around

1631
01:11:15,430 --> 01:11:12,960
but it's just uh it's just because

1632
01:11:17,189 --> 01:11:15,440
space-time can curve in the presence of

1633
01:11:19,830 --> 01:11:17,199
gravity and warp

1634
01:11:21,830 --> 01:11:19,840
and you can see it uh occurring uh

1635
01:11:23,590 --> 01:11:21,840
throughout this image right here and in

1636
01:11:26,310 --> 01:11:23,600
fact anywhere

1637
01:11:28,550 --> 01:11:26,320
uh where you just affix your eyes you

1638
01:11:31,270 --> 01:11:28,560
know just pick a point of light and you

1639
01:11:32,310 --> 01:11:31,280
will see gravitational lensing occurring

1640
01:11:34,470 --> 01:11:32,320
right there

1641
01:11:36,470 --> 01:11:34,480
now what's important about this is that

1642
01:11:39,270 --> 01:11:36,480
we can actually use gravitational

1643
01:11:42,470 --> 01:11:39,280
lensing in certain uh instances as a

1644
01:11:45,189 --> 01:11:42,480
tool we can make it into a telescope and

1645
01:11:47,590 --> 01:11:45,199
the the first idea

1646
01:11:49,590 --> 01:11:47,600
of just this naturally happening and

1647
01:11:51,189 --> 01:11:49,600
getting lucky is something that james

1648
01:11:53,270 --> 01:11:51,199
webb looked at just today and released

1649
01:11:55,030 --> 01:11:53,280
an image and it's a star called

1650
01:11:56,310 --> 01:11:55,040
arendelle

1651
01:11:58,790 --> 01:11:56,320
and

1652
01:12:01,110 --> 01:11:58,800
i actually have it here uh go ahead

1653
01:12:04,149 --> 01:12:01,120
continue i'm gonna pull that up

1654
01:12:05,910 --> 01:12:04,159
this star is the most distant single

1655
01:12:07,910 --> 01:12:05,920
object we can see

1656
01:12:10,070 --> 01:12:07,920
and what's happening with arendelle is

1657
01:12:12,470 --> 01:12:10,080
that it um it

1658
01:12:13,910 --> 01:12:12,480
it is

1659
01:12:15,750 --> 01:12:13,920
so distant

1660
01:12:17,830 --> 01:12:15,760
that we're seeing it we're looking back

1661
01:12:19,430 --> 01:12:17,840
in time as we look out into the universe

1662
01:12:22,470 --> 01:12:19,440
you look back in time

1663
01:12:25,189 --> 01:12:22,480
and we're seeing it just 900 million

1664
01:12:26,709 --> 01:12:25,199
years after the big bang

1665
01:12:29,270 --> 01:12:26,719
you know where's in a universe that's

1666
01:12:31,189 --> 01:12:29,280
13.8 billion years old so we're seeing

1667
01:12:32,630 --> 01:12:31,199
this very very early start it's called a

1668
01:12:35,350 --> 01:12:32,640
population three it's the third

1669
01:12:36,470 --> 01:12:35,360
incarnation of stars that were uh

1670
01:12:39,510 --> 01:12:36,480
present

1671
01:12:41,990 --> 01:12:39,520
in the universe after the big bang and

1672
01:12:44,790 --> 01:12:42,000
as a result it has almost no

1673
01:12:46,950 --> 01:12:44,800
heavier elements in it it's just a big

1674
01:12:48,070 --> 01:12:46,960
ball of hydrogen helium and a little bit

1675
01:12:50,149 --> 01:12:48,080
of lithium

1676
01:12:52,149 --> 01:12:50,159
and um

1677
01:12:55,669 --> 01:12:52,159
it uh that that tells you it's very

1678
01:12:58,390 --> 01:12:55,679
early because as stars get older they

1679
01:13:01,189 --> 01:12:58,400
you know explode in supernovas and they

1680
01:13:02,790 --> 01:13:01,199
populate the area around them with uh

1681
01:13:04,550 --> 01:13:02,800
heavier elements

1682
01:13:06,790 --> 01:13:04,560
and so when you look at a star like the

1683
01:13:09,189 --> 01:13:06,800
sun you see all kinds of elements in it

1684
01:13:10,950 --> 01:13:09,199
well in this case you don't and that

1685
01:13:12,630 --> 01:13:10,960
tells you it's early the other thing is

1686
01:13:14,950 --> 01:13:12,640
that because it's being gravitationally

1687
01:13:18,390 --> 01:13:14,960
lensed and just a chance event for us to

1688
01:13:20,229 --> 01:13:18,400
even be able to pick the star out

1689
01:13:22,470 --> 01:13:20,239
because that's happening we're also

1690
01:13:25,350 --> 01:13:22,480
seeing something that is no longer there

1691
01:13:28,390 --> 01:13:25,360
because arendelle at the size that it is

1692
01:13:30,950 --> 01:13:28,400
at 50 to 100 times the size of the sun

1693
01:13:33,990 --> 01:13:30,960
has long long long ago exploded as a

1694
01:13:36,950 --> 01:13:34,000
supernova so we're seeing a ghost

1695
01:13:40,310 --> 01:13:36,960
this is this is the image here

1696
01:13:41,990 --> 01:13:40,320
that is the southern ring nebula i think

1697
01:13:45,430 --> 01:13:42,000
and i thought

1698
01:13:48,550 --> 01:13:45,440
i thought i had today's image

1699
01:13:50,630 --> 01:13:48,560
uh which uh it's the cartwheel galaxy

1700
01:13:53,270 --> 01:13:50,640
but that was the cartwheel galaxy aaron

1701
01:13:55,830 --> 01:13:53,280
dill is uh different that one just also

1702
01:13:57,910 --> 01:13:55,840
just came out yeah and

1703
01:13:58,830 --> 01:13:57,920
i thought i had it here i guess i don't

1704
01:14:03,830 --> 01:13:58,840
i

1705
01:14:06,149 --> 01:14:03,840
have aaron dell

1706
01:14:07,830 --> 01:14:06,159
um i'll have it uh for the next breakout

1707
01:14:10,390 --> 01:14:07,840
i'll i'll pull it up

1708
01:14:13,750 --> 01:14:10,400
um let's uh

1709
01:14:14,790 --> 01:14:13,760
let's actually i want to go back to

1710
01:14:19,430 --> 01:14:14,800
the

1711
01:14:21,830 --> 01:14:19,440
because

1712
01:14:24,790 --> 01:14:21,840
they did what uh

1713
01:14:27,110 --> 01:14:24,800
the same process that they did with uh

1714
01:14:29,350 --> 01:14:27,120
um the hubble which they took the deep

1715
01:14:33,750 --> 01:14:29,360
field then they took an area

1716
01:14:36,229 --> 01:14:33,760
of the deep field that was uh minus

1717
01:14:38,709 --> 01:14:36,239
uh anything interesting or the least

1718
01:14:41,270 --> 01:14:38,719
interesting part of the image

1719
01:14:44,229 --> 01:14:41,280
and then did another exposure which

1720
01:14:47,590 --> 01:14:44,239
um with uh with hubble they did a

1721
01:14:50,070 --> 01:14:47,600
two-week exposure on this hubble does it

1722
01:14:52,470 --> 01:14:50,080
in what uh i mean uh james webb does it

1723
01:14:55,030 --> 01:14:52,480
in 12 hours i think right

1724
01:14:57,030 --> 01:14:55,040
am i correct much much faster much

1725
01:14:59,430 --> 01:14:57,040
faster and this is

1726
01:15:01,270 --> 01:14:59,440
so this is the deep field that was

1727
01:15:02,709 --> 01:15:01,280
released first and then they released

1728
01:15:06,070 --> 01:15:02,719
this image

1729
01:15:07,669 --> 01:15:06,080
and i believe it's from the center of

1730
01:15:10,950 --> 01:15:07,679
this image

1731
01:15:14,709 --> 01:15:10,960
and this is what they came back with

1732
01:15:16,550 --> 01:15:14,719
and now the the other thing um

1733
01:15:18,229 --> 01:15:16,560
that's the arendelle image

1734
01:15:21,430 --> 01:15:18,239
oh that's the arendelle

1735
01:15:24,550 --> 01:15:21,440
image yep i know i grabbed it yep i knew

1736
01:15:25,189 --> 01:15:24,560
i grabbed it but but

1737
01:15:28,149 --> 01:15:25,199
uh

1738
01:15:30,390 --> 01:15:28,159
nasa did a a press release on this and

1739
01:15:32,790 --> 01:15:30,400
so i'll come back uh to aaron dell in

1740
01:15:34,950 --> 01:15:32,800
just a second and in the press release

1741
01:15:36,830 --> 01:15:34,960
when they did the deep field

1742
01:15:42,470 --> 01:15:36,840
i used to

1743
01:15:44,630 --> 01:15:42,480
that i would uh do uh at conferences so

1744
01:15:47,430 --> 01:15:44,640
i'd walk out in a big crowd

1745
01:15:49,910 --> 01:15:47,440
and uh and this is how i would start my

1746
01:15:52,550 --> 01:15:49,920
presentation i'd go up to somebody in

1747
01:15:53,750 --> 01:15:52,560
the front row and go hey man you got a

1748
01:15:55,350 --> 01:15:53,760
dime

1749
01:15:57,990 --> 01:15:55,360
somebody dig in their pocket and give me

1750
01:16:00,070 --> 01:15:58,000
a diamond i go okay you take this dime

1751
01:16:02,870 --> 01:16:00,080
and you go out in your backyard and you

1752
01:16:04,790 --> 01:16:02,880
pick a spot in the sky with no stars and

1753
01:16:06,790 --> 01:16:04,800
you hold up this dime

1754
01:16:09,990 --> 01:16:06,800
you are now looking at

1755
01:16:13,750 --> 01:16:10,000
150 000 galaxies

1756
01:16:15,910 --> 01:16:13,760
and everybody go oh man that's amazing

1757
01:16:17,270 --> 01:16:15,920
really is that true and people come up

1758
01:16:18,950 --> 01:16:17,280
to me and ask me

1759
01:16:21,510 --> 01:16:18,960
you know that was my thing that was my

1760
01:16:23,110 --> 01:16:21,520
shtick right okay

1761
01:16:25,350 --> 01:16:23,120
so they do this press release what do

1762
01:16:28,229 --> 01:16:25,360
they do what do they announce well this

1763
01:16:30,149 --> 01:16:28,239
is if you hold up a grain of sand

1764
01:16:34,550 --> 01:16:30,159
at arm's length

1765
01:16:37,030 --> 01:16:34,560
you're looking at 150 000 galaxies and

1766
01:16:38,630 --> 01:16:37,040
so it was

1767
01:16:41,030 --> 01:16:38,640
i don't know if somebody from nasa was

1768
01:16:42,310 --> 01:16:41,040
at one of my presentations but the point

1769
01:16:44,390 --> 01:16:42,320
being

1770
01:16:45,350 --> 01:16:44,400
that i would go out and talk about this

1771
01:16:47,669 --> 01:16:45,360
dime

1772
01:16:51,189 --> 01:16:47,679
and now nasa is coming back with well no

1773
01:16:53,350 --> 01:16:51,199
this is a grain of sand in the night sky

1774
01:16:56,630 --> 01:16:53,360
and this is what you are seeing

1775
01:16:58,070 --> 01:16:56,640
this is monumental isn't it this kind of

1776
01:17:00,070 --> 01:16:58,080
thought process

1777
01:17:01,430 --> 01:17:00,080
that you are looking at that many

1778
01:17:03,750 --> 01:17:01,440
galaxies

1779
01:17:05,669 --> 01:17:03,760
everywhere you move that grain of sand

1780
01:17:06,709 --> 01:17:05,679
in the night sky that is what you're

1781
01:17:08,550 --> 01:17:06,719
going to see

1782
01:17:10,149 --> 01:17:08,560
well and you can also you can flip it

1783
01:17:13,270 --> 01:17:10,159
around and say that

1784
01:17:14,630 --> 01:17:13,280
there are more galaxies

1785
01:17:16,709 --> 01:17:14,640
in the universe in the observable

1786
01:17:19,590 --> 01:17:16,719
universe and there are grains of sand

1787
01:17:25,910 --> 01:17:22,229
you know it that's crazy right

1788
01:17:28,070 --> 01:17:25,920
like if you go out to the biggest beach

1789
01:17:31,270 --> 01:17:28,080
that you can imagine

1790
01:17:34,229 --> 01:17:31,280
uh that that you you know barefooted on

1791
01:17:37,270 --> 01:17:34,239
when you were a kid the biggest beach in

1792
01:17:40,390 --> 01:17:37,280
all that sand and you pick up one grain

1793
01:17:42,550 --> 01:17:40,400
of sand one grain of sand

1794
01:17:45,350 --> 01:17:42,560
that's our sun

1795
01:17:48,310 --> 01:17:45,360
that's what you know and and then it's

1796
01:17:49,430 --> 01:17:48,320
the whole earth it's not just that beach

1797
01:17:51,510 --> 01:17:49,440
right

1798
01:17:53,510 --> 01:17:51,520
it's mind-bending each one of those

1799
01:17:54,550 --> 01:17:53,520
galaxies in the deep field consists of

1800
01:17:58,470 --> 01:17:54,560
between

1801
01:18:00,950 --> 01:17:58,480
on average one to 200 billion stars

1802
01:18:04,070 --> 01:18:00,960
each each and they probably are

1803
01:18:05,430 --> 01:18:04,080
outnumbered in that galaxy by planets

1804
01:18:07,590 --> 01:18:05,440
so

1805
01:18:09,510 --> 01:18:07,600
even then just the

1806
01:18:11,750 --> 01:18:09,520
just the math of it all

1807
01:18:15,030 --> 01:18:11,760
says there just has to be enormous

1808
01:18:16,950 --> 01:18:15,040
amounts of analogs of earth that could

1809
01:18:19,750 --> 01:18:16,960
well have life and could well have

1810
01:18:20,550 --> 01:18:19,760
intelligence and hopefully

1811
01:18:22,550 --> 01:18:20,560
now

1812
01:18:25,910 --> 01:18:22,560
okay so let's stay on this grains of

1813
01:18:27,830 --> 01:18:25,920
sand uh analogy and it's it you know

1814
01:18:30,950 --> 01:18:27,840
it's mind-blowing to us because we live

1815
01:18:33,030 --> 01:18:30,960
here and we see what sand is right but

1816
01:18:35,830 --> 01:18:33,040
and and the big

1817
01:18:38,310 --> 01:18:35,840
in the big picture

1818
01:18:39,750 --> 01:18:38,320
earth is just so insignificant right

1819
01:18:43,350 --> 01:18:39,760
significant yep

1820
01:18:46,709 --> 01:18:43,360
it's completely insignificant so

1821
01:18:49,030 --> 01:18:46,719
is the same analogy the same you could

1822
01:18:51,430 --> 01:18:49,040
almost say metaphor

1823
01:18:53,750 --> 01:18:51,440
the same view

1824
01:18:56,149 --> 01:18:53,760
can you apply that to life too as well

1825
01:18:58,870 --> 01:18:56,159
is there as much life out there as we

1826
01:19:00,950 --> 01:18:58,880
have sands grains of sand

1827
01:19:03,110 --> 01:19:00,960
well that's just the question

1828
01:19:06,709 --> 01:19:03,120
and that's that's a two-part question

1829
01:19:10,149 --> 01:19:06,719
the first is is there

1830
01:19:12,310 --> 01:19:10,159
life defined as as you know microbial

1831
01:19:14,630 --> 01:19:12,320
you know simple life

1832
01:19:15,830 --> 01:19:14,640
very very very easily there could be

1833
01:19:18,070 --> 01:19:15,840
there could be

1834
01:19:20,630 --> 01:19:18,080
many many many millions or billions or

1835
01:19:22,550 --> 01:19:20,640
trillions of occurrences of microbial

1836
01:19:24,070 --> 01:19:22,560
life in the universe because the more we

1837
01:19:26,310 --> 01:19:24,080
find out

1838
01:19:28,790 --> 01:19:26,320
bits and pieces of the puzzle on how a

1839
01:19:31,189 --> 01:19:28,800
biogenesis occurred on earth it turns

1840
01:19:32,709 --> 01:19:31,199
out it's easier than it than we we

1841
01:19:34,630 --> 01:19:32,719
thought and

1842
01:19:37,189 --> 01:19:34,640
this was driven home recently

1843
01:19:38,470 --> 01:19:37,199
with a discovery that

1844
01:19:40,229 --> 01:19:38,480
rna

1845
01:19:42,950 --> 01:19:40,239
you know we have been looking at all of

1846
01:19:45,030 --> 01:19:42,960
these complex ways that maybe how rna

1847
01:19:46,870 --> 01:19:45,040
could have come about you know in nature

1848
01:19:48,709 --> 01:19:46,880
and then all of a sudden some scientists

1849
01:19:50,310 --> 01:19:48,719
found that it was it happens when you

1850
01:19:51,590 --> 01:19:50,320
percolate water through volcanic rock

1851
01:19:53,510 --> 01:19:51,600
and you just have the right chemicals

1852
01:19:55,189 --> 01:19:53,520
and there it is it pops out

1853
01:19:57,669 --> 01:19:55,199
and it's an experiment that can be done

1854
01:20:00,550 --> 01:19:57,679
in a high school classroom so and will

1855
01:20:02,550 --> 01:20:00,560
be so it turned out easier and we were

1856
01:20:04,630 --> 01:20:02,560
just overcooking the turkey looking for

1857
01:20:06,709 --> 01:20:04,640
these really really complex ways to do

1858
01:20:09,669 --> 01:20:06,719
this when the answer was simple and that

1859
01:20:11,510 --> 01:20:09,679
keeps happening so

1860
01:20:13,430 --> 01:20:11,520
that's sort of pointing the arrow in the

1861
01:20:15,590 --> 01:20:13,440
direction that microbial life is not

1862
01:20:18,470 --> 01:20:15,600
that big of a deal to get going the

1863
01:20:19,990 --> 01:20:18,480
problem is is that once microbial life

1864
01:20:23,510 --> 01:20:20,000
started on earth

1865
01:20:25,990 --> 01:20:23,520
it froze and sat there it just sat there

1866
01:20:27,990 --> 01:20:26,000
not doing much of anything for 1.8

1867
01:20:30,550 --> 01:20:28,000
billion years before

1868
01:20:31,669 --> 01:20:30,560
the prokaryotic to eukaryotically

1869
01:20:33,910 --> 01:20:31,679
occurred

1870
01:20:36,470 --> 01:20:33,920
and that's where maybe the filter is is

1871
01:20:39,110 --> 01:20:36,480
that maybe the reason we don't see

1872
01:20:41,510 --> 01:20:39,120
techno signatures everywhere is because

1873
01:20:43,110 --> 01:20:41,520
it's a lot harder to get past that stage

1874
01:20:45,990 --> 01:20:43,120
once you have it so it's a universe

1875
01:20:48,070 --> 01:20:46,000
maybe that teams with microbial life but

1876
01:20:49,910 --> 01:20:48,080
only occasionally does it does it get

1877
01:20:51,510 --> 01:20:49,920
anywhere further

1878
01:20:53,030 --> 01:20:51,520
and then to get to us

1879
01:20:56,390 --> 01:20:53,040
a whole lot of things had to happen on

1880
01:20:58,550 --> 01:20:56,400
this planet to just sort of get there um

1881
01:21:01,189 --> 01:20:58,560
and for most of most of this planet's

1882
01:21:03,110 --> 01:21:01,199
existence with complex macrofauna there

1883
01:21:03,910 --> 01:21:03,120
was nothing here it was dinosaurs you

1884
01:21:04,870 --> 01:21:03,920
know

1885
01:21:09,270 --> 01:21:04,880
well

1886
01:21:11,590 --> 01:21:09,280
yes yes okay so you you have to have

1887
01:21:13,510 --> 01:21:11,600
i i'm just going to just say it you have

1888
01:21:15,990 --> 01:21:13,520
to have the right biosphere

1889
01:21:17,750 --> 01:21:16,000
we didn't have the right biosphere for

1890
01:21:21,110 --> 01:21:17,760
the first two billion years of this

1891
01:21:24,870 --> 01:21:21,120
planet it was we had lots of volcanic

1892
01:21:27,030 --> 01:21:24,880
activity right yeah we had a

1893
01:21:30,229 --> 01:21:27,040
molten lava

1894
01:21:32,950 --> 01:21:30,239
surface uh here and it took everything

1895
01:21:34,229 --> 01:21:32,960
else and comets crashing in the arrival

1896
01:21:37,030 --> 01:21:34,239
of water

1897
01:21:39,750 --> 01:21:37,040
uh and then atmospheric change

1898
01:21:42,070 --> 01:21:39,760
uh to allow the other stuff to

1899
01:21:43,990 --> 01:21:42,080
to have a happy dance but before that

1900
01:21:46,790 --> 01:21:44,000
the ingredients were here but there

1901
01:21:48,709 --> 01:21:46,800
wasn't an oven to cook it in

1902
01:21:50,790 --> 01:21:48,719
that's right and there's also other

1903
01:21:52,790 --> 01:21:50,800
possibilities hiding in there because

1904
01:21:55,189 --> 01:21:52,800
during during the time when life arose

1905
01:21:58,310 --> 01:21:55,199
on earth earth was not the optimum

1906
01:21:59,750 --> 01:21:58,320
planet to produce life mars was mars was

1907
01:22:01,430 --> 01:21:59,760
actually a better environment in those

1908
01:22:04,310 --> 01:22:01,440
days than earth was

1909
01:22:06,149 --> 01:22:04,320
so you got to ask the question did life

1910
01:22:08,790 --> 01:22:06,159
originally arise on mars and got and get

1911
01:22:10,870 --> 01:22:08,800
deposited here i mean are we martians

1912
01:22:12,790 --> 01:22:10,880
you know um so there's all kinds of

1913
01:22:14,950 --> 01:22:12,800
interesting questions that in the coming

1914
01:22:17,110 --> 01:22:14,960
decades we should be able to answer

1915
01:22:18,870 --> 01:22:17,120
now the the the million-dollar question

1916
01:22:21,350 --> 01:22:18,880
then we're going to get back to

1917
01:22:23,350 --> 01:22:21,360
some of these images

1918
01:22:25,430 --> 01:22:23,360
is

1919
01:22:27,990 --> 01:22:25,440
when we talk about

1920
01:22:30,070 --> 01:22:28,000
life that's one thing there's life is

1921
01:22:32,470 --> 01:22:30,080
everywhere i think we can all accept

1922
01:22:35,110 --> 01:22:32,480
that i mean

1923
01:22:35,990 --> 01:22:35,120
at the very smallest of levels

1924
01:22:39,189 --> 01:22:36,000
but

1925
01:22:42,310 --> 01:22:39,199
something more advanced than us

1926
01:22:44,310 --> 01:22:42,320
not dinosaurs that would be cool

1927
01:22:48,550 --> 01:22:44,320
not reptile you know

1928
01:22:50,149 --> 01:22:48,560
something more advanced than us

1929
01:22:53,270 --> 01:22:50,159
that's the question

1930
01:22:55,669 --> 01:22:53,280
and how much of that do you think is is

1931
01:22:57,350 --> 01:22:55,679
just in our milky way

1932
01:22:58,709 --> 01:22:57,360
well i don't know you know you can't

1933
01:23:02,550 --> 01:22:58,719
really put a number on it because we

1934
01:23:04,550 --> 01:23:02,560
don't know you have to remember that um

1935
01:23:05,910 --> 01:23:04,560
you have to remember that

1936
01:23:07,590 --> 01:23:05,920
when we need to we have to make

1937
01:23:09,910 --> 01:23:07,600
assumptions about

1938
01:23:12,470 --> 01:23:09,920
intelligent alien life and the first is

1939
01:23:13,830 --> 01:23:12,480
we have to assume that we know what that

1940
01:23:16,629 --> 01:23:13,840
would look like

1941
01:23:18,149 --> 01:23:16,639
so if you got a civilization that's

1942
01:23:19,430 --> 01:23:18,159
a hundred thousand years more advanced

1943
01:23:21,510 --> 01:23:19,440
than humans

1944
01:23:23,750 --> 01:23:21,520
how do we envision what that looks like

1945
01:23:24,550 --> 01:23:23,760
so we would know what to look for you

1946
01:23:28,310 --> 01:23:24,560
know

1947
01:23:30,790 --> 01:23:28,320
sufficiently advanced technology is

1948
01:23:34,070 --> 01:23:30,800
indistinguishable from magic so

1949
01:23:36,550 --> 01:23:34,080
it you may see a cloud of of gas out out

1950
01:23:37,430 --> 01:23:36,560
in the uh interstellar medium

1951
01:23:39,030 --> 01:23:37,440
and

1952
01:23:41,270 --> 01:23:39,040
say well it's just a cloud of gas but

1953
01:23:43,590 --> 01:23:41,280
then in reality it was a cloud of

1954
01:23:45,669 --> 01:23:43,600
nanotechnological assembler robots and

1955
01:23:48,629 --> 01:23:45,679
things like that you wouldn't know you

1956
01:23:49,830 --> 01:23:48,639
know so you can't you have to make the

1957
01:23:51,189 --> 01:23:49,840
assumption that you would know what

1958
01:23:53,430 --> 01:23:51,199
you're looking for

1959
01:23:55,830 --> 01:23:53,440
all we can do is say well we don't know

1960
01:23:57,430 --> 01:23:55,840
but we can try certain things and

1961
01:23:59,110 --> 01:23:57,440
trying certain things includes radio

1962
01:24:02,470 --> 01:23:59,120
telescopes you know

1963
01:24:04,390 --> 01:24:02,480
where you're looking for signals and

1964
01:24:06,550 --> 01:24:04,400
of technological origin because what you

1965
01:24:08,229 --> 01:24:06,560
can do is tell you know technological

1966
01:24:09,350 --> 01:24:08,239
signals are technological signals

1967
01:24:10,629 --> 01:24:09,360
they're

1968
01:24:12,550 --> 01:24:10,639
that type of stuff doesn't occur in

1969
01:24:13,350 --> 01:24:12,560
nature you know so you're looking for

1970
01:24:17,430 --> 01:24:13,360
the

1971
01:24:19,990 --> 01:24:17,440
produces but that's not to say an alien

1972
01:24:20,950 --> 01:24:20,000
even still uses ra radio we don't know

1973
01:24:23,830 --> 01:24:20,960
you know

1974
01:24:25,350 --> 01:24:23,840
um and as a result so the the answer

1975
01:24:26,470 --> 01:24:25,360
there to the fermi paradox is simply

1976
01:24:29,110 --> 01:24:26,480
that we don't know how to look for

1977
01:24:30,950 --> 01:24:29,120
aliens you know and i

1978
01:24:32,870 --> 01:24:30,960
i i i'd say that's probably a pretty

1979
01:24:34,870 --> 01:24:32,880
strong candidate because we we really

1980
01:24:37,590 --> 01:24:34,880
make a lot of assumption assumptions

1981
01:24:39,270 --> 01:24:37,600
when we we try to envision what aliens

1982
01:24:41,110 --> 01:24:39,280
would or would not do

1983
01:24:43,430 --> 01:24:41,120
well okay so

1984
01:24:44,390 --> 01:24:43,440
the correct answer without giving it a

1985
01:24:46,629 --> 01:24:44,400
number

1986
01:24:49,669 --> 01:24:46,639
is just a lot

1987
01:24:51,030 --> 01:24:49,679
it could be a lot um it could be

1988
01:24:55,110 --> 01:24:51,040
well there are things that govern it i

1989
01:24:58,550 --> 01:24:56,709
immediately almost immediately go

1990
01:25:00,149 --> 01:24:58,560
extinct when they hit a technological

1991
01:25:02,070 --> 01:25:00,159
age say they only last three four

1992
01:25:03,750 --> 01:25:02,080
hundred years in a technological age

1993
01:25:06,070 --> 01:25:03,760
then there's probably only one in the

1994
01:25:08,070 --> 01:25:06,080
galaxy at any given time but if you take

1995
01:25:09,990 --> 01:25:08,080
it as the whole history of the galaxy of

1996
01:25:10,790 --> 01:25:10,000
13.8 billion years and you're looking at

1997
01:25:12,709 --> 01:25:10,800
all the

1998
01:25:14,629 --> 01:25:12,719
extinct species

1999
01:25:15,990 --> 01:25:14,639
there's probably i would say

2000
01:25:18,550 --> 01:25:16,000
you could make a case that there's been

2001
01:25:20,470 --> 01:25:18,560
quite a few but we don't know you know

2002
01:25:21,830 --> 01:25:20,480
there may they may be they may even be

2003
01:25:23,990 --> 01:25:21,840
common when we just don't know what

2004
01:25:26,550 --> 01:25:24,000
we're looking at and we barely looked

2005
01:25:28,870 --> 01:25:26,560
you know seti has barely looked it's

2006
01:25:31,189 --> 01:25:28,880
going to be 30 40 years before we're in

2007
01:25:33,270 --> 01:25:31,199
territory where we can say well why are

2008
01:25:34,870 --> 01:25:33,280
we not finding anything something

2009
01:25:36,629 --> 01:25:34,880
something's weird here but we're nowhere

2010
01:25:39,990 --> 01:25:36,639
near that territory yet

2011
01:25:42,470 --> 01:25:40,000
no we're not and if we've only logged in

2012
01:25:45,270 --> 01:25:42,480
uh officially 5 000 exoplanets we've got

2013
01:25:46,790 --> 01:25:45,280
another 10 000 candidates and

2014
01:25:49,030 --> 01:25:46,800
and uh

2015
01:25:51,590 --> 01:25:49,040
exponentially that number is increasing

2016
01:25:54,870 --> 01:25:51,600
every single day i mean we

2017
01:25:57,350 --> 01:25:54,880
it's crazy now with our ability to

2018
01:25:59,990 --> 01:25:57,360
uh to select candidates but it's a it's

2019
01:26:02,709 --> 01:26:00,000
time and it's a numbers game

2020
01:26:05,590 --> 01:26:02,719
and the way that uh everything is being

2021
01:26:08,310 --> 01:26:05,600
looked at now with sections of the sky

2022
01:26:10,629 --> 01:26:08,320
uh the southern horizon uh the northern

2023
01:26:12,790 --> 01:26:10,639
side of things uh where you are looking

2024
01:26:14,790 --> 01:26:12,800
at you know twenty thousand planets uh

2025
01:26:16,629 --> 01:26:14,800
or twenty thousand stars

2026
01:26:19,189 --> 01:26:16,639
uh per sector

2027
01:26:20,790 --> 01:26:19,199
and and getting this done and with tests

2028
01:26:23,189 --> 01:26:20,800
we're gonna try to do most of this in

2029
01:26:25,910 --> 01:26:23,199
the next two years

2030
01:26:28,470 --> 01:26:25,920
with only 5 000 exoplanets right now in

2031
01:26:30,870 --> 01:26:28,480
the books we are going to have to

2032
01:26:32,629 --> 01:26:30,880
analyze the data at some point it's not

2033
01:26:35,430 --> 01:26:32,639
going to be computers doing this it's

2034
01:26:37,350 --> 01:26:35,440
manhattan doing most of the

2035
01:26:39,990 --> 01:26:37,360
the legwork right now but you still have

2036
01:26:41,030 --> 01:26:40,000
to get humans involved to look at the

2037
01:26:43,590 --> 01:26:41,040
data

2038
01:26:46,550 --> 01:26:43,600
and and and see what is real and what is

2039
01:26:50,310 --> 01:26:46,560
not and we are going to have a backlog

2040
01:26:51,430 --> 01:26:50,320
of hundreds of thousands of planets very

2041
01:26:54,149 --> 01:26:51,440
soon

2042
01:26:56,390 --> 01:26:54,159
and so it now it just becomes a numbers

2043
01:26:58,790 --> 01:26:56,400
game doesn't it that if that's what we

2044
01:27:00,629 --> 01:26:58,800
can see if that is where we are right

2045
01:27:03,110 --> 01:27:00,639
now which is not much

2046
01:27:07,510 --> 01:27:03,120
and there are trillions just in our

2047
01:27:09,669 --> 01:27:07,520
milky way to go and analyze uh it's just

2048
01:27:10,470 --> 01:27:09,679
probably never going to get done

2049
01:27:11,830 --> 01:27:10,480
no

2050
01:27:13,510 --> 01:27:11,840
at some point it becomes physically

2051
01:27:15,110 --> 01:27:13,520
impossible to

2052
01:27:15,990 --> 01:27:15,120
care right right

2053
01:27:17,669 --> 01:27:16,000
um

2054
01:27:19,110 --> 01:27:17,679
and you know you've got another wild

2055
01:27:20,870 --> 01:27:19,120
card here you've got the ice shell moons

2056
01:27:22,870 --> 01:27:20,880
you know we've got a bunch of oceans

2057
01:27:25,669 --> 01:27:22,880
locked underneath ice in these moons

2058
01:27:27,430 --> 01:27:25,679
like ganymede and io and uh well not io

2059
01:27:29,430 --> 01:27:27,440
but um

2060
01:27:31,750 --> 01:27:29,440
but europa enceladus

2061
01:27:34,709 --> 01:27:31,760
and we've got tons of those and any one

2062
01:27:35,910 --> 01:27:34,719
of them could host an oceanic uh

2063
01:27:38,229 --> 01:27:35,920
biosphere

2064
01:27:40,629 --> 01:27:38,239
any one of them so

2065
01:27:42,950 --> 01:27:40,639
we don't know yet what the rules are you

2066
01:27:45,110 --> 01:27:42,960
know on on on how that kind of life

2067
01:27:47,030 --> 01:27:45,120
could work well and we won't know until

2068
01:27:47,990 --> 01:27:47,040
we drill into one and you know take a

2069
01:27:48,870 --> 01:27:48,000
look

2070
01:27:52,470 --> 01:27:48,880
um

2071
01:27:53,750 --> 01:27:52,480
but if those things end up having life

2072
01:27:56,070 --> 01:27:53,760
and

2073
01:27:57,910 --> 01:27:56,080
things the analogs of fish or whatever

2074
01:27:59,910 --> 01:27:57,920
then this universe

2075
01:28:02,470 --> 01:27:59,920
it just got way better because they are

2076
01:28:04,870 --> 01:28:02,480
way more common uh sources of liquid

2077
01:28:07,830 --> 01:28:04,880
water than an earth-like planet is

2078
01:28:11,510 --> 01:28:07,840
when we talk about looking at the oldest

2079
01:28:13,110 --> 01:28:11,520
galaxy so far the oldest star so far the

2080
01:28:16,390 --> 01:28:13,120
oldest this

2081
01:28:18,390 --> 01:28:16,400
um which direction are we looking in

2082
01:28:20,950 --> 01:28:18,400
in other words uh

2083
01:28:22,310 --> 01:28:20,960
okay big bang right boom universe out

2084
01:28:24,629 --> 01:28:22,320
this way so

2085
01:28:27,030 --> 01:28:24,639
we are not looking to the center of the

2086
01:28:30,229 --> 01:28:27,040
universe we're looking

2087
01:28:32,950 --> 01:28:30,239
to the edges of the universe well the

2088
01:28:34,950 --> 01:28:32,960
the rule on that is that the universe

2089
01:28:36,149 --> 01:28:34,960
does not seem to have a center

2090
01:28:37,990 --> 01:28:36,159
um

2091
01:28:39,110 --> 01:28:38,000
and there's a really good reason for

2092
01:28:41,510 --> 01:28:39,120
that because

2093
01:28:43,910 --> 01:28:41,520
if you if you think about a center of a

2094
01:28:45,669 --> 01:28:43,920
basketball or a center of a circle

2095
01:28:47,669 --> 01:28:45,679
you can you can determine that because

2096
01:28:49,830 --> 01:28:47,679
you've got a point of reference to

2097
01:28:51,189 --> 01:28:49,840
figure out what the center is and there

2098
01:28:53,430 --> 01:28:51,199
are different points of references

2099
01:28:55,350 --> 01:28:53,440
different types of centers there's

2100
01:28:56,790 --> 01:28:55,360
things like a center of rotation in

2101
01:28:58,070 --> 01:28:56,800
other words you're watching a bicycle

2102
01:28:59,590 --> 01:28:58,080
wheel and you can see where the center

2103
01:29:01,590 --> 01:28:59,600
of rotation is

2104
01:29:04,310 --> 01:29:01,600
the universe doesn't have one there's

2105
01:29:06,310 --> 01:29:04,320
center of mass universe doesn't have one

2106
01:29:08,149 --> 01:29:06,320
you can establish a center of charge

2107
01:29:10,390 --> 01:29:08,159
universe doesn't have one

2108
01:29:12,950 --> 01:29:10,400
you can

2109
01:29:15,110 --> 01:29:12,960
there's even even even sort of like

2110
01:29:16,229 --> 01:29:15,120
think of it like a bowl like a salad

2111
01:29:17,590 --> 01:29:16,239
bowl

2112
01:29:19,590 --> 01:29:17,600
you can even figure out where that

2113
01:29:21,110 --> 01:29:19,600
curvature meets and you can make a

2114
01:29:23,030 --> 01:29:21,120
center

2115
01:29:25,350 --> 01:29:23,040
the universe geometry is flat it doesn't

2116
01:29:27,270 --> 01:29:25,360
have such a thing

2117
01:29:30,149 --> 01:29:27,280
it doesn't make any sense and then

2118
01:29:31,990 --> 01:29:30,159
finally in in regards to what you're

2119
01:29:34,229 --> 01:29:32,000
you're explaining that's called the

2120
01:29:36,310 --> 01:29:34,239
center of expansion meaning it's like an

2121
01:29:38,550 --> 01:29:36,320
explosion and it's going out from one

2122
01:29:40,709 --> 01:29:38,560
single point well isn't that what we

2123
01:29:42,629 --> 01:29:40,719
were taught that's well it's what we're

2124
01:29:44,950 --> 01:29:42,639
conventionally that's how we think we

2125
01:29:47,910 --> 01:29:44,960
think in terms of an explosion so the

2126
01:29:49,430 --> 01:29:47,920
center must be where the explosives were

2127
01:29:50,629 --> 01:29:49,440
but the thing is that doesn't really

2128
01:29:53,189 --> 01:29:50,639
work for the universe because the

2129
01:29:55,910 --> 01:29:53,199
universe

2130
01:29:58,229 --> 01:29:55,920
includes the space itself

2131
01:30:00,470 --> 01:29:58,239
so in other words space itself didn't

2132
01:30:02,470 --> 01:30:00,480
exist it's part of the big bang

2133
01:30:04,550 --> 01:30:02,480
therefore

2134
01:30:06,470 --> 01:30:04,560
it just expands out

2135
01:30:07,430 --> 01:30:06,480
and if there were a center of the

2136
01:30:09,350 --> 01:30:07,440
universe

2137
01:30:11,030 --> 01:30:09,360
and it did work like an explosion we

2138
01:30:12,950 --> 01:30:11,040
would see the cosmic microwave

2139
01:30:15,350 --> 01:30:12,960
background radiation coming from one

2140
01:30:18,070 --> 01:30:15,360
point the center of the universe we

2141
01:30:20,790 --> 01:30:18,080
don't it comes in at from all directions

2142
01:30:23,750 --> 01:30:20,800
any direction we look it's the same

2143
01:30:25,750 --> 01:30:23,760
so it means that space time itself

2144
01:30:31,669 --> 01:30:25,760
was

2145
01:30:33,669 --> 01:30:31,679
the big bang and that the correct answer

2146
01:30:34,950 --> 01:30:33,679
to where was where did the universe

2147
01:30:37,030 --> 01:30:34,960
begin

2148
01:30:38,550 --> 01:30:37,040
isn't the point because space was

2149
01:30:41,189 --> 01:30:38,560
created by it

2150
01:30:42,550 --> 01:30:41,199
it just it's it comes down to one word

2151
01:30:45,110 --> 01:30:42,560
nothing

2152
01:30:48,070 --> 01:30:45,120
but then okay i've got to take a break

2153
01:30:49,830 --> 01:30:48,080
but but we're measuring the temperature

2154
01:30:51,990 --> 01:30:49,840
right and so

2155
01:30:53,350 --> 01:30:52,000
we can see the temperature changes in

2156
01:30:56,070 --> 01:30:53,360
the expansion

2157
01:30:58,149 --> 01:30:56,080
we can see that we can see that the uh

2158
01:31:00,709 --> 01:30:58,159
we can we can see a quite a bit from it

2159
01:31:02,310 --> 01:31:00,719
it's just that we can't establish a

2160
01:31:04,470 --> 01:31:02,320
center point because there is no

2161
01:31:06,310 --> 01:31:04,480
reference to do so so we don't know

2162
01:31:08,550 --> 01:31:06,320
where the big bang happened is what

2163
01:31:10,390 --> 01:31:08,560
you're saying we don't know and the

2164
01:31:14,070 --> 01:31:10,400
reality is that what the universe tells

2165
01:31:15,750 --> 01:31:14,080
us the observation is that it is

2166
01:31:17,750 --> 01:31:15,760
number one it's geometry is flat which

2167
01:31:18,709 --> 01:31:17,760
means that you can run two railroad

2168
01:31:20,070 --> 01:31:18,719
tracks

2169
01:31:22,550 --> 01:31:20,080
all the way across the universe and they

2170
01:31:25,430 --> 01:31:22,560
will never meet so there is no overall

2171
01:31:26,870 --> 01:31:25,440
curvature that we can discern to space

2172
01:31:29,270 --> 01:31:26,880
there is local curvature and there's

2173
01:31:31,030 --> 01:31:29,280
curvature you know time things like that

2174
01:31:32,709 --> 01:31:31,040
fourth dimension type stuff but that's

2175
01:31:35,189 --> 01:31:32,719
what that that doesn't matter in three

2176
01:31:37,910 --> 01:31:35,199
dimensions there is it's it's flat

2177
01:31:39,910 --> 01:31:37,920
and that suggests only if a handful of

2178
01:31:41,750 --> 01:31:39,920
possible geometries for the universe the

2179
01:31:43,350 --> 01:31:41,760
other problem is that

2180
01:31:45,030 --> 01:31:43,360
the universe we can only see a part of

2181
01:31:47,430 --> 01:31:45,040
it the observable universe we have no

2182
01:31:48,550 --> 01:31:47,440
idea how much further it extends

2183
01:31:51,990 --> 01:31:48,560
and how much

2184
01:31:53,590 --> 01:31:52,000
left us so

2185
01:31:55,430 --> 01:31:53,600
the thing is is that everything that we

2186
01:31:56,629 --> 01:31:55,440
see that the universe is showing us so

2187
01:31:58,790 --> 01:31:56,639
far

2188
01:32:00,950 --> 01:31:58,800
is that it's infinite

2189
01:32:03,189 --> 01:32:00,960
so what you have just told me and i've

2190
01:32:05,110 --> 01:32:03,199
got to take a break and i'm going to cut

2191
01:32:07,189 --> 01:32:05,120
i'm going to cut jmg off right now so

2192
01:32:09,030 --> 01:32:07,199
you can't answer what i'm about to say

2193
01:32:11,669 --> 01:32:09,040
you have just told us

2194
01:32:13,750 --> 01:32:11,679
that there was no big bang

2195
01:32:15,669 --> 01:32:13,760
and with that we're going to take our

2196
01:32:19,750 --> 01:32:15,679
break right here

2197
01:32:21,750 --> 01:32:19,760
i don't i don't get it i i i simply uh

2198
01:32:23,750 --> 01:32:21,760
don't understand doesn't make any sense

2199
01:32:25,350 --> 01:32:23,760
this is fade to black well it makes

2200
01:32:27,750 --> 01:32:25,360
sense

2201
01:32:29,830 --> 01:32:27,760
if there was no big bang this is fade to

2202
01:32:31,590 --> 01:32:29,840
black our guest tonight

2203
01:32:38,080 --> 01:32:31,600
john michael godier we'll be right back

2204
01:32:55,590 --> 01:32:52,390
[Music]

2205
01:32:57,740 --> 01:32:55,600
way out here we listen to jimmy church

2206
01:33:00,390 --> 01:32:57,750
you're listening to fade to black

2207
01:33:02,470 --> 01:33:00,400
[Applause]

2208
01:33:04,070 --> 01:33:02,480
you're listening to jimmy church and

2209
01:33:09,290 --> 01:33:04,080
fade to black

2210
01:33:09,300 --> 01:33:18,720
[Applause]

2211
01:33:23,030 --> 01:33:21,030
[Music]

2212
01:33:25,430 --> 01:33:23,040
the believer is the chilling true story

2213
01:33:27,669 --> 01:33:25,440
of dr john mack a renowned harvard

2214
01:33:30,229 --> 01:33:27,679
psychiatrist and pulitzer prize winner

2215
01:33:32,950 --> 01:33:30,239
this is a outreach program from the

2216
01:33:35,350 --> 01:33:32,960
cosmos to the consciously impaired he

2217
01:33:37,110 --> 01:33:35,360
risked it all to investigate human

2218
01:33:38,310 --> 01:33:37,120
encounters with aelia

2219
01:33:40,950 --> 01:33:38,320
the believer

2220
01:33:43,189 --> 01:33:40,960
alien encounters hard science and the

2221
01:33:45,110 --> 01:33:43,199
passion of john mack written by

2222
01:33:47,430 --> 01:33:45,120
award-winning former new york times

2223
01:33:49,430 --> 01:33:47,440
journalist and author ralph blumenthal

2224
01:33:51,030 --> 01:33:49,440
now available in paperback from high

2225
01:33:53,350 --> 01:33:51,040
road books

2226
01:33:55,270 --> 01:33:53,360
introducing the game changer blend from

2227
01:33:57,750 --> 01:33:55,280
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2228
01:34:00,790 --> 01:33:57,760
customized blend made specifically for

2229
01:34:03,830 --> 01:34:00,800
the fader knots if the game is rigged

2230
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change the game it's a boulder cup with

2231
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2249
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not of course you do this is jimmy

2250
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church of fade to black just go to our

2251
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membership section at

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jimmychurchradio.com

2253
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vader knots when you think about the

2254
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future of our country and where we're

2255
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headed do you wonder about the food

2256
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supply i do disruptions in the food

2257
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supply chain could be disastrous and

2258
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they usually occur with little warning

2259
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that's why the smartest thing you can do

2260
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today is to stockpile emergency food

2261
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2262
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recommend my patriot supply they're the

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doesn't it especially now so go to

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2286
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2296
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certain to spark enlightening

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conversations in your living rooms we

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2307
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2309
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2310
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2311
01:37:48,070 --> 01:37:43,270
you are listening to fate to black with

2312
01:37:50,629 --> 01:37:48,080
jimmy church on the game changer network

2313
01:37:53,510 --> 01:37:50,639
hi i'm reece evans you're listening to

2314
01:37:56,390 --> 01:37:53,520
jimmy church this is revolution the

2315
01:37:59,669 --> 01:37:56,400
revolution will not be televised the

2316
01:38:03,290 --> 01:37:59,679
revolution is on radio

2317
01:38:30,350 --> 01:38:28,550
[Music]

2318
01:38:34,580 --> 01:38:30,360
hey

2319
01:38:43,910 --> 01:38:34,590
[Music]

2320
01:38:45,109 --> 01:38:43,920
all right welcome back faded black i'm

2321
01:38:49,430 --> 01:38:45,119
your host jimmy church tonight john

2322
01:38:53,350 --> 01:38:49,440
michael gautier event horizon is with us

2323
01:38:55,189 --> 01:38:53,360
all of his links are below and also over

2324
01:38:56,229 --> 01:38:55,199
on our website and throughout social

2325
01:38:58,790 --> 01:38:56,239
media

2326
01:39:00,790 --> 01:38:58,800
and seriously event horizon is just an

2327
01:39:04,070 --> 01:39:00,800
incredible show and i don't

2328
01:39:07,430 --> 01:39:04,080
um uh uh a couple of things before we

2329
01:39:09,669 --> 01:39:07,440
get i don't know who your uh announcer

2330
01:39:10,950 --> 01:39:09,679
is your voiceover person but she's

2331
01:39:12,870 --> 01:39:10,960
amazing

2332
01:39:13,750 --> 01:39:12,880
and we're actually in the chat every

2333
01:39:16,390 --> 01:39:13,760
night

2334
01:39:18,310 --> 01:39:16,400
is she really yeah she was

2335
01:39:19,430 --> 01:39:18,320
is she uh uh

2336
01:39:22,709 --> 01:39:19,440
who

2337
01:39:25,189 --> 01:39:22,719
pretty sure

2338
01:39:30,070 --> 01:39:27,189
she makes you smarter than you are you

2339
01:39:32,470 --> 01:39:30,080
know that right oh absolutely oh yes

2340
01:39:33,189 --> 01:39:32,480
um i'm i'm just the ear candy

2341
01:39:36,950 --> 01:39:33,199
the

2342
01:39:38,870 --> 01:39:36,960
production team ross and aaron um i i i

2343
01:39:40,870 --> 01:39:38,880
i could not do that with without them i

2344
01:39:43,590 --> 01:39:40,880
can't yeah it's just absolutely

2345
01:39:47,270 --> 01:39:43,600
incredible uh it's such a great program

2346
01:39:49,430 --> 01:39:47,280
um and also i'm we're not prepared to to

2347
01:39:51,189 --> 01:39:49,440
do anything formal uh we won't do it

2348
01:39:53,750 --> 01:39:51,199
tonight but we'll do it soon

2349
01:39:55,109 --> 01:39:53,760
uh we've got a very interesting project

2350
01:39:57,189 --> 01:39:55,119
that we're going to be working on

2351
01:39:59,109 --> 01:39:57,199
together later on this month

2352
01:40:01,030 --> 01:39:59,119
and uh i'm very excited about that and i

2353
01:40:03,350 --> 01:40:01,040
can't wait to make that announcement and

2354
01:40:06,310 --> 01:40:03,360
uh it's going to be very cool it's

2355
01:40:08,070 --> 01:40:06,320
definitely a yin and yang

2356
01:40:10,950 --> 01:40:08,080
you know you're just here to make me

2357
01:40:12,629 --> 01:40:10,960
look good uh john michael and

2358
01:40:14,870 --> 01:40:12,639
that's not not the first time that's

2359
01:40:15,750 --> 01:40:14,880
been said to me

2360
01:40:20,149 --> 01:40:15,760
right

2361
01:40:27,430 --> 01:40:20,159
uh

2362
01:40:30,310 --> 01:40:27,440
break but there's actually been some

2363
01:40:32,870 --> 01:40:30,320
realistic conversation about whether or

2364
01:40:37,669 --> 01:40:32,880
not there was actually a big bang

2365
01:40:41,270 --> 01:40:37,679
and if if if everything is moving

2366
01:40:43,350 --> 01:40:41,280
in its own direction and i've had many

2367
01:40:46,870 --> 01:40:43,360
smart people

2368
01:40:49,990 --> 01:40:46,880
uh explain this to me like for instance

2369
01:40:53,030 --> 01:40:50,000
uh the best example i can give on that

2370
01:40:56,870 --> 01:40:53,040
is okay so if there was uh you know this

2371
01:40:58,550 --> 01:40:56,880
is micro this tiny pin boom bam

2372
01:41:01,189 --> 01:40:58,560
everything happened and that's the big

2373
01:41:02,390 --> 01:41:01,199
bang right uh something from nothing

2374
01:41:03,910 --> 01:41:02,400
well

2375
01:41:06,629 --> 01:41:03,920
that would indicate to me that

2376
01:41:08,709 --> 01:41:06,639
everything blasted out from a central

2377
01:41:10,870 --> 01:41:08,719
source that you had mentioned earlier

2378
01:41:12,950 --> 01:41:10,880
that makes a lot of sense and everything

2379
01:41:14,790 --> 01:41:12,960
would be moving in a direction and we

2380
01:41:17,030 --> 01:41:14,800
are observing that

2381
01:41:20,550 --> 01:41:17,040
except

2382
01:41:22,229 --> 01:41:20,560
galaxies and things are

2383
01:41:24,709 --> 01:41:22,239
are going in

2384
01:41:25,830 --> 01:41:24,719
every direction

2385
01:41:32,550 --> 01:41:25,840
and

2386
01:41:33,990 --> 01:41:32,560
now that wouldn't make any sense if

2387
01:41:35,910 --> 01:41:34,000
everything was just moving in the same

2388
01:41:38,709 --> 01:41:35,920
direction we would be moving along with

2389
01:41:41,030 --> 01:41:38,719
andromeda right but that's not the case

2390
01:41:43,750 --> 01:41:41,040
we are actually going to collide and

2391
01:41:45,270 --> 01:41:43,760
galaxies do that all the time so if that

2392
01:41:48,229 --> 01:41:45,280
is the case

2393
01:41:50,709 --> 01:41:48,239
how is it possible to know

2394
01:41:52,790 --> 01:41:50,719
what is the oldest thing

2395
01:41:54,870 --> 01:41:52,800
that we have ever seen if everything is

2396
01:41:57,830 --> 01:41:54,880
moving in its own direction i mean how

2397
01:41:59,430 --> 01:41:57,840
would we determine the age of something

2398
01:42:01,750 --> 01:41:59,440
from something else

2399
01:42:04,390 --> 01:42:01,760
well it's it it's based on this uh you

2400
01:42:06,390 --> 01:42:04,400
can tell distance by redshift because

2401
01:42:08,629 --> 01:42:06,400
the expansion of the universe in between

2402
01:42:10,870 --> 01:42:08,639
two objects will redshift light so you

2403
01:42:13,590 --> 01:42:10,880
look at and this is this is the main

2404
01:42:15,669 --> 01:42:13,600
reason why jwst

2405
01:42:17,669 --> 01:42:15,679
is an infrared telescope is because of

2406
01:42:19,350 --> 01:42:17,679
that redshift so it can look at the most

2407
01:42:20,790 --> 01:42:19,360
distant galaxies

2408
01:42:23,510 --> 01:42:20,800
because they're all redshifted from the

2409
01:42:26,310 --> 01:42:23,520
expansion of the universe um

2410
01:42:29,189 --> 01:42:26,320
okay okay but but but here's the butt

2411
01:42:31,510 --> 01:42:29,199
though and this is okay so now let's

2412
01:42:33,270 --> 01:42:31,520
take a look i've looked at maps of the

2413
01:42:35,350 --> 01:42:33,280
observable universe

2414
01:42:37,510 --> 01:42:35,360
uh done by temperature and and other

2415
01:42:39,990 --> 01:42:37,520
ways and you've seen the same analysis

2416
01:42:43,430 --> 01:42:40,000
that i have okay so if we're looking at

2417
01:42:45,750 --> 01:42:43,440
the observable universe and it's 85 90

2418
01:42:46,870 --> 01:42:45,760
billion light years across which is a

2419
01:42:49,750 --> 01:42:46,880
crazy

2420
01:42:51,750 --> 01:42:49,760
uh amount of time uh a distance i should

2421
01:42:52,709 --> 01:42:51,760
say in that time but

2422
01:42:56,390 --> 01:42:52,719
if

2423
01:42:59,510 --> 01:42:56,400
this is you know the farthest distance

2424
01:43:02,470 --> 01:42:59,520
is away but what if a galaxy

2425
01:43:05,590 --> 01:43:02,480
is traveling this way uh through the

2426
01:43:08,629 --> 01:43:05,600
center of the observable universe

2427
01:43:10,470 --> 01:43:08,639
it could be older than everything else

2428
01:43:12,950 --> 01:43:10,480
but closer to us

2429
01:43:16,310 --> 01:43:12,960
than than the stuff that is distant

2430
01:43:18,709 --> 01:43:16,320
and so how would we know the ages

2431
01:43:19,510 --> 01:43:18,719
of things if they are moving

2432
01:43:23,750 --> 01:43:19,520
uh

2433
01:43:25,750 --> 01:43:23,760
doesn't make any sense there's a bunch

2434
01:43:27,830 --> 01:43:25,760
of different ways uh one of them and how

2435
01:43:29,510 --> 01:43:27,840
this was originally done by edwin hubble

2436
01:43:31,030 --> 01:43:29,520
back in the early 20th century was

2437
01:43:33,510 --> 01:43:31,040
looking at something called a cepheid

2438
01:43:35,350 --> 01:43:33,520
variable and that gives you a what's

2439
01:43:37,350 --> 01:43:35,360
called a standard candlestick and you're

2440
01:43:39,910 --> 01:43:37,360
able to work out distances rough

2441
01:43:42,070 --> 01:43:39,920
distances anyway based on cepheid

2442
01:43:44,070 --> 01:43:42,080
variables in other galaxies as you can

2443
01:43:47,189 --> 01:43:44,080
see you know they they they're stars

2444
01:43:49,430 --> 01:43:47,199
that vary in brightness or on on a known

2445
01:43:50,870 --> 01:43:49,440
scale and they just they have a method

2446
01:43:52,870 --> 01:43:50,880
of doing that that's one way to tell

2447
01:43:55,030 --> 01:43:52,880
distance another way to do it much

2448
01:43:58,790 --> 01:43:55,040
closer and this is one of the

2449
01:44:01,109 --> 01:43:58,800
the ways we establish uh distances in um

2450
01:44:02,950 --> 01:44:01,119
in inside the milky way galaxies through

2451
01:44:05,189 --> 01:44:02,960
parallax and we actually have a

2452
01:44:07,430 --> 01:44:05,199
spacecraft called gaia that does that

2453
01:44:09,350 --> 01:44:07,440
and it's the same effect that parallax

2454
01:44:11,030 --> 01:44:09,360
the same effect as if it you know

2455
01:44:14,229 --> 01:44:11,040
positions seem to move when you open and

2456
01:44:16,709 --> 01:44:14,239
close one eye into each other and that's

2457
01:44:19,030 --> 01:44:16,719
that's how it works and um you're able

2458
01:44:20,709 --> 01:44:19,040
to determine distances that way

2459
01:44:23,830 --> 01:44:20,719
so there's a there's a there's a mixed

2460
01:44:25,590 --> 01:44:23,840
bag of of tricks astronomers have to uh

2461
01:44:27,350 --> 01:44:25,600
determine distances

2462
01:44:29,910 --> 01:44:27,360
sometimes though it can be pretty tricky

2463
01:44:31,910 --> 01:44:29,920
because if you're if for some reason

2464
01:44:34,310 --> 01:44:31,920
some of that information is obscured or

2465
01:44:36,709 --> 01:44:34,320
there's just no good way to tell that it

2466
01:44:39,109 --> 01:44:36,719
can be a it can be a big question mark

2467
01:44:41,109 --> 01:44:39,119
however to your point about the big bang

2468
01:44:42,629 --> 01:44:41,119
on whether or not it happened

2469
01:44:44,550 --> 01:44:42,639
well we have a lot of evidence for it

2470
01:44:46,629 --> 01:44:44,560
because if it didn't happen then what

2471
01:44:49,350 --> 01:44:46,639
created the cosmic microwave background

2472
01:44:51,510 --> 01:44:49,360
radiation and what created uh

2473
01:44:53,669 --> 01:44:51,520
the apparent expansion of the universe

2474
01:44:55,910 --> 01:44:53,679
that hubble discovered edwin hubble

2475
01:44:57,270 --> 01:44:55,920
discovered and things like that so you

2476
01:44:59,189 --> 01:44:57,280
got to have some other mechanism to

2477
01:45:00,310 --> 01:44:59,199
create that that but here's the weird

2478
01:45:08,950 --> 01:45:00,320
thing

2479
01:45:11,109 --> 01:45:08,960
then it was just some quantum

2480
01:45:14,870 --> 01:45:11,119
fluctuation that randomly happened and

2481
01:45:17,270 --> 01:45:14,880
boom it expanded and there's a universe

2482
01:45:18,870 --> 01:45:17,280
but that brings in a question

2483
01:45:21,669 --> 01:45:18,880
can you repeat it

2484
01:45:23,830 --> 01:45:21,679
and there are hypotheses that we could

2485
01:45:25,750 --> 01:45:23,840
in a particle accelerator

2486
01:45:27,590 --> 01:45:25,760
um somewhat more

2487
01:45:29,510 --> 01:45:27,600
powerful than anything we have right now

2488
01:45:31,510 --> 01:45:29,520
but not that that powerful

2489
01:45:33,830 --> 01:45:31,520
if we could find something called a a

2490
01:45:35,910 --> 01:45:33,840
monopole which are theorized to exist we

2491
01:45:37,109 --> 01:45:35,920
might be able to create a situation

2492
01:45:39,109 --> 01:45:37,119
where

2493
01:45:42,390 --> 01:45:39,119
a universe comes out of the quantum foam

2494
01:45:44,310 --> 01:45:42,400
in in the particle accelerator and boom

2495
01:45:46,790 --> 01:45:44,320
it's a wormhole that leads to another

2496
01:45:48,709 --> 01:45:46,800
universe that's expanding on its own and

2497
01:45:50,550 --> 01:45:48,719
we just created a universe and that's

2498
01:45:51,750 --> 01:45:50,560
actually one of the most

2499
01:45:53,990 --> 01:45:51,760
straightforward

2500
01:45:56,870 --> 01:45:54,000
artificial things we can do with with

2501
01:45:58,550 --> 01:45:56,880
nature is to do this

2502
01:46:00,229 --> 01:45:58,560
but that's that's kind of a problem

2503
01:46:02,310 --> 01:46:00,239
because

2504
01:46:04,550 --> 01:46:02,320
if we can do it in the lab well how does

2505
01:46:05,910 --> 01:46:04,560
nature do it on its own is it more

2506
01:46:08,070 --> 01:46:05,920
likely that

2507
01:46:11,030 --> 01:46:08,080
this universe is artificial

2508
01:46:13,270 --> 01:46:11,040
and it's been created by some scientists

2509
01:46:14,229 --> 01:46:13,280
in another universe and

2510
01:46:15,910 --> 01:46:14,239
um

2511
01:46:17,830 --> 01:46:15,920
yeah those are questions that have yet

2512
01:46:19,750 --> 01:46:17,840
to be asked and when we do that

2513
01:46:21,430 --> 01:46:19,760
experiment and try to create a universe

2514
01:46:23,430 --> 01:46:21,440
if we're successful

2515
01:46:26,390 --> 01:46:23,440
we're gonna have to ask some really

2516
01:46:28,790 --> 01:46:26,400
serious existential questions about our

2517
01:46:30,070 --> 01:46:28,800
situation yeah completely

2518
01:46:32,709 --> 01:46:30,080
existential

2519
01:46:34,149 --> 01:46:32,719
and and here's the other complex issue

2520
01:46:35,669 --> 01:46:34,159
and again we're talking about the james

2521
01:46:37,350 --> 01:46:35,679
webb telescope tonight that's why i love

2522
01:46:40,550 --> 01:46:37,360
having you on the show because

2523
01:46:44,709 --> 01:46:43,109
but here's the thing

2524
01:46:45,750 --> 01:46:44,719
if there was

2525
01:46:46,629 --> 01:46:45,760
one

2526
01:46:51,910 --> 01:46:46,639
the

2527
01:46:59,430 --> 01:46:51,920
and

2528
01:47:02,550 --> 01:46:59,440
was absolutely dead nuts perfect

2529
01:47:06,229 --> 01:47:02,560
one number one thing off one little

2530
01:47:08,950 --> 01:47:06,239
particle with some strange gravity to it

2531
01:47:11,990 --> 01:47:08,960
the universe doesn't happen everything

2532
01:47:15,510 --> 01:47:12,000
is off right and so the big bang isn't a

2533
01:47:17,590 --> 01:47:15,520
big bang it's a big thud it may start

2534
01:47:20,390 --> 01:47:17,600
but then it could actually

2535
01:47:22,950 --> 01:47:20,400
disappear into nothing and the question

2536
01:47:25,590 --> 01:47:22,960
is how many universes

2537
01:47:27,669 --> 01:47:25,600
are happening or potentially happening

2538
01:47:30,149 --> 01:47:27,679
just like you're suggesting right there

2539
01:47:32,750 --> 01:47:30,159
but because something is just off

2540
01:47:36,310 --> 01:47:32,760
gravitationally chemically

2541
01:47:38,149 --> 01:47:36,320
gaseously whatever it could be that the

2542
01:47:39,910 --> 01:47:38,159
universe doesn't get its kickstart and

2543
01:47:42,070 --> 01:47:39,920
doesn't complete

2544
01:47:43,669 --> 01:47:42,080
right and and it could be happening all

2545
01:47:45,830 --> 01:47:43,679
the time right

2546
01:47:48,310 --> 01:47:45,840
right now inside of our own universe

2547
01:47:49,910 --> 01:47:48,320
another universe another big bang

2548
01:47:51,430 --> 01:47:49,920
could be happening all the time but

2549
01:47:53,590 --> 01:47:51,440
something is just

2550
01:47:56,470 --> 01:47:53,600
computationally off

2551
01:47:57,990 --> 01:47:56,480
well there's a that's a can of worms

2552
01:48:00,709 --> 01:47:58,000
because this is where we this is where

2553
01:48:02,870 --> 01:48:00,719
we go to science crazy town um the thing

2554
01:48:05,030 --> 01:48:02,880
about it is is that

2555
01:48:06,629 --> 01:48:05,040
what you're what you're what you

2556
01:48:09,350 --> 01:48:06,639
explained was the anthropic principle

2557
01:48:11,669 --> 01:48:09,360
that the universe seems fine-tuned

2558
01:48:12,709 --> 01:48:11,679
for consciousness and life to exist

2559
01:48:13,830 --> 01:48:12,719
within it

2560
01:48:16,709 --> 01:48:13,840
and

2561
01:48:18,950 --> 01:48:16,719
that is uh that's a real mystery

2562
01:48:20,070 --> 01:48:18,960
if this is the only universe because i

2563
01:48:21,830 --> 01:48:20,080
know that everything starts looking

2564
01:48:23,189 --> 01:48:21,840
spooky you know like oh somebody

2565
01:48:25,350 --> 01:48:23,199
fine-tuned this

2566
01:48:27,430 --> 01:48:25,360
uh but if it's part of a multiverse and

2567
01:48:29,750 --> 01:48:27,440
they're an infinite amount of universes

2568
01:48:31,590 --> 01:48:29,760
in whatever model of multiverse you want

2569
01:48:32,950 --> 01:48:31,600
there's a bunch of them

2570
01:48:34,229 --> 01:48:32,960
then we're just the one that got lucky

2571
01:48:36,629 --> 01:48:34,239
and then there's a bunch of dead ones

2572
01:48:38,870 --> 01:48:36,639
out there that you know have a number is

2573
01:48:41,109 --> 01:48:38,880
off a little bit so matter can't exist

2574
01:48:44,470 --> 01:48:41,119
you know like that

2575
01:48:47,350 --> 01:48:44,480
but there is zero evidence whatsoever

2576
01:48:48,790 --> 01:48:47,360
for a multiverse it's just

2577
01:48:51,510 --> 01:48:48,800
a hypothesis

2578
01:48:52,310 --> 01:48:51,520
so if this is universe is alone

2579
01:48:56,629 --> 01:48:52,320
then

2580
01:48:58,229 --> 01:48:56,639
it it's

2581
01:48:59,510 --> 01:48:58,239
if it's not and it's part of a

2582
01:49:01,430 --> 01:48:59,520
multiverse

2583
01:49:03,750 --> 01:49:01,440
that's where you get into a weird one

2584
01:49:06,229 --> 01:49:03,760
because who is to say that the

2585
01:49:08,390 --> 01:49:06,239
evolutionary process does not apply to

2586
01:49:10,390 --> 01:49:08,400
universes and that the reason that we're

2587
01:49:12,149 --> 01:49:10,400
sitting in one that's habitable

2588
01:49:13,990 --> 01:49:12,159
is because the one that spawned it was

2589
01:49:16,149 --> 01:49:14,000
habitable and the one before it that

2590
01:49:17,750 --> 01:49:16,159
spawned it was habitable and that it's

2591
01:49:20,390 --> 01:49:17,760
survival of the fittest and that the

2592
01:49:23,189 --> 01:49:20,400
universe that is most

2593
01:49:25,109 --> 01:49:23,199
well suited for not just life but just

2594
01:49:27,910 --> 01:49:25,119
matter and functioning

2595
01:49:30,709 --> 01:49:27,920
and creating black holes to create other

2596
01:49:32,950 --> 01:49:30,719
universes or um

2597
01:49:34,790 --> 01:49:32,960
you know quantum foam universes whatever

2598
01:49:36,629 --> 01:49:34,800
the one that's able to spawn the most of

2599
01:49:39,430 --> 01:49:36,639
those the conditions

2600
01:49:41,669 --> 01:49:39,440
is the most successful universe and that

2601
01:49:44,310 --> 01:49:41,679
means that it is the most populous

2602
01:49:46,310 --> 01:49:44,320
universe in the multiverse so it's a

2603
01:49:48,709 --> 01:49:46,320
it's the evolutionary principle

2604
01:49:50,790 --> 01:49:48,719
applied to galaxies and we just happen

2605
01:49:52,709 --> 01:49:50,800
to be in a very successful universe that

2606
01:49:54,390 --> 01:49:52,719
is spawning black holes which are

2607
01:49:57,030 --> 01:49:54,400
creating more universes

2608
01:50:00,229 --> 01:49:57,040
and it just has more kids than a dead

2609
01:50:02,870 --> 01:50:00,239
universe does which has none okay so

2610
01:50:04,870 --> 01:50:02,880
two two questions oh man

2611
01:50:07,510 --> 01:50:04,880
so much for the james wood telescope

2612
01:50:11,589 --> 01:50:07,520
we'll do that next week everybody

2613
01:50:12,870 --> 01:50:11,599
is this okay if if um

2614
01:50:16,070 --> 01:50:12,880
uh

2615
01:50:18,149 --> 01:50:16,080
13.8 billion years that's that's what

2616
01:50:20,870 --> 01:50:18,159
we've given us right now that's the

2617
01:50:23,030 --> 01:50:20,880
number 13.8 billion years

2618
01:50:26,310 --> 01:50:23,040
but

2619
01:50:28,950 --> 01:50:26,320
space is forever

2620
01:50:30,149 --> 01:50:28,960
right no matter no matter how you look

2621
01:50:32,709 --> 01:50:30,159
at it

2622
01:50:33,910 --> 01:50:32,719
and and what you contemplate that may be

2623
01:50:36,470 --> 01:50:33,920
out there

2624
01:50:40,229 --> 01:50:36,480
it's still forever and forever is a

2625
01:50:43,510 --> 01:50:40,239
friggin long time and 13 bill 0.8

2626
01:50:46,709 --> 01:50:43,520
billion years in the scope of forever

2627
01:50:49,910 --> 01:50:46,719
is absolutely nothing

2628
01:50:51,510 --> 01:50:49,920
it's nothing nothing so there there must

2629
01:50:53,510 --> 01:50:51,520
have there is no other way to look at

2630
01:50:55,350 --> 01:50:53,520
this john

2631
01:50:59,270 --> 01:50:55,360
that there have been

2632
01:51:01,189 --> 01:50:59,280
an infinite amount of universes

2633
01:51:02,470 --> 01:51:01,199
forever

2634
01:51:04,229 --> 01:51:02,480
so

2635
01:51:06,390 --> 01:51:04,239
yeah forever is an interesting word

2636
01:51:08,149 --> 01:51:06,400
because and i'm going to reframe it in a

2637
01:51:10,149 --> 01:51:08,159
different word infinity

2638
01:51:12,149 --> 01:51:10,159
and that changes

2639
01:51:14,229 --> 01:51:12,159
everything that we think because if the

2640
01:51:15,350 --> 01:51:14,239
universe is infinite and it has no

2641
01:51:17,030 --> 01:51:15,360
boundaries

2642
01:51:19,510 --> 01:51:17,040
you have just answered the rb alone

2643
01:51:21,589 --> 01:51:19,520
question there are aliens they must be

2644
01:51:22,629 --> 01:51:21,599
there there must be intelligent life

2645
01:51:24,870 --> 01:51:22,639
because

2646
01:51:27,589 --> 01:51:24,880
it's so bad since the nature of infinity

2647
01:51:30,790 --> 01:51:27,599
is that there are exact copies of us

2648
01:51:32,390 --> 01:51:30,800
exact earths out there and every

2649
01:51:34,790 --> 01:51:32,400
number of them

2650
01:51:37,030 --> 01:51:34,800
everywhere yes i there is one there

2651
01:51:38,709 --> 01:51:37,040
there is a universe or a uh

2652
01:51:40,870 --> 01:51:38,719
you know there is an earth analog out

2653
01:51:43,270 --> 01:51:40,880
there that looks exactly like earth

2654
01:51:45,589 --> 01:51:43,280
where you're appearing on event horizon

2655
01:51:48,870 --> 01:51:45,599
instead of me appearing on fade to black

2656
01:51:50,550 --> 01:51:48,880
that's right

2657
01:51:52,550 --> 01:51:50,560
it's a numbers game

2658
01:51:54,709 --> 01:51:52,560
it's probably name it because it's the

2659
01:51:57,669 --> 01:51:54,719
biggest number of all infinity it's the

2660
01:52:00,550 --> 01:51:57,679
biggest number of all yeah and if if you

2661
01:52:02,629 --> 01:52:00,560
and i and four friends are playing poker

2662
01:52:06,310 --> 01:52:02,639
and we're dealing cards

2663
01:52:08,870 --> 01:52:06,320
um eventually it could be the next hand

2664
01:52:12,070 --> 01:52:08,880
or it could be a million hands later but

2665
01:52:14,709 --> 01:52:12,080
we will shuffle an identical deck

2666
01:52:17,350 --> 01:52:14,719
and and everybody will have the

2667
01:52:18,310 --> 01:52:17,360
identical hands

2668
01:52:20,790 --> 01:52:18,320
in

2669
01:52:23,109 --> 01:52:20,800
and that that is just a numbers game and

2670
01:52:25,189 --> 01:52:23,119
particles only combine so many different

2671
01:52:27,910 --> 01:52:25,199
ways it's not infinite

2672
01:52:29,270 --> 01:52:27,920
it's limited in fact it's very limited

2673
01:52:31,189 --> 01:52:29,280
on

2674
01:52:32,629 --> 01:52:31,199
and we know what those numbers are and

2675
01:52:34,390 --> 01:52:32,639
that makes that see

2676
01:52:36,870 --> 01:52:34,400
because of the limitations

2677
01:52:37,990 --> 01:52:36,880
that is what makes things impossible or

2678
01:52:41,510 --> 01:52:38,000
possible

2679
01:52:43,430 --> 01:52:41,520
allowed you know by the very nature of

2680
01:52:45,430 --> 01:52:43,440
the particles and everything else but

2681
01:52:47,189 --> 01:52:45,440
what's interesting is that when you're

2682
01:52:48,310 --> 01:52:47,199
dealing with infinite time as you

2683
01:52:50,709 --> 01:52:48,320
mentioned

2684
01:52:53,750 --> 01:52:50,719
where time never stops and it just

2685
01:52:56,149 --> 01:52:53,760
infinitely goes forward forever

2686
01:52:57,510 --> 01:52:56,159
then you run into really weird concepts

2687
01:52:59,510 --> 01:52:57,520
for example

2688
01:53:02,070 --> 01:52:59,520
if you wait long enough

2689
01:53:04,310 --> 01:53:02,080
you could blink out of existence and

2690
01:53:06,470 --> 01:53:04,320
quantum teleport to another part of the

2691
01:53:08,870 --> 01:53:06,480
universe instantaneously if you wait

2692
01:53:10,870 --> 01:53:08,880
long enough you can if you wait long

2693
01:53:13,750 --> 01:53:10,880
enough it's non-zero

2694
01:53:15,430 --> 01:53:13,760
go through a car windshield in a wreck

2695
01:53:17,430 --> 01:53:15,440
without any of your atoms interacting

2696
01:53:19,510 --> 01:53:17,440
with the glass and you pass through it

2697
01:53:21,510 --> 01:53:19,520
if you wait long enough and this is

2698
01:53:23,030 --> 01:53:21,520
where it gets really bad because if you

2699
01:53:25,109 --> 01:53:23,040
wait long enough

2700
01:53:28,229 --> 01:53:25,119
in a dead universe

2701
01:53:31,030 --> 01:53:28,239
out of out of just just

2702
01:53:33,350 --> 01:53:31,040
probabilities and you know just

2703
01:53:35,030 --> 01:53:33,360
you know random fluctuations

2704
01:53:37,189 --> 01:53:35,040
a consciousness will appear in the

2705
01:53:38,550 --> 01:53:37,199
universe briefly

2706
01:53:41,990 --> 01:53:38,560
probably

2707
01:53:44,149 --> 01:53:42,000
and think for a little bit and then

2708
01:53:47,510 --> 01:53:44,159
dissipate but

2709
01:53:49,990 --> 01:53:47,520
random consciousness will come together

2710
01:53:51,910 --> 01:53:50,000
within the universe no matter what

2711
01:53:54,470 --> 01:53:51,920
if you wait long enough now understand

2712
01:53:57,189 --> 01:53:54,480
you're talking about beyond

2713
01:53:58,550 --> 01:53:57,199
quintillions of years to wait for this

2714
01:53:59,430 --> 01:53:58,560
to happen and it's called a boltzmann

2715
01:54:01,510 --> 01:53:59,440
brain

2716
01:54:04,870 --> 01:54:01,520
and i always i've already

2717
01:54:08,629 --> 01:54:04,880
but it could also happen tomorrow

2718
01:54:10,310 --> 01:54:08,639
but what happens if such a

2719
01:54:11,589 --> 01:54:10,320
boltzmann brain appears in a dead

2720
01:54:13,350 --> 01:54:11,599
universe

2721
01:54:15,030 --> 01:54:13,360
you know an unsuccessful one or one

2722
01:54:18,149 --> 01:54:15,040
that's lived out of its lifetime and

2723
01:54:20,550 --> 01:54:19,270
it's going to look around and see

2724
01:54:21,669 --> 01:54:20,560
nothing

2725
01:54:23,030 --> 01:54:21,679
so

2726
01:54:24,550 --> 01:54:23,040
why would it

2727
01:54:26,070 --> 01:54:24,560
even bother to look out into the

2728
01:54:27,910 --> 01:54:26,080
blackness of space

2729
01:54:30,310 --> 01:54:27,920
rather than run a simulation of what

2730
01:54:32,709 --> 01:54:30,320
that universe was like

2731
01:54:34,070 --> 01:54:32,719
and you know once like and learn what it

2732
01:54:36,629 --> 01:54:34,080
can learn

2733
01:54:39,270 --> 01:54:36,639
and um which would be limited

2734
01:54:41,430 --> 01:54:39,280
and that leads you to the the question

2735
01:54:44,390 --> 01:54:41,440
if if we're all just fever dreams of a

2736
01:54:46,790 --> 01:54:44,400
boltzmann brain in a dead universe

2737
01:54:48,470 --> 01:54:46,800
well now the boltzmann brain which was

2738
01:54:50,950 --> 01:54:48,480
one of the best thought experiments i

2739
01:54:53,669 --> 01:54:50,960
think ever presented and not only that

2740
01:54:55,510 --> 01:54:53,679
the idea and the concept uh about this

2741
01:54:57,750 --> 01:54:55,520
to start the argument because that's

2742
01:54:59,990 --> 01:54:57,760
what it's been ever since

2743
01:55:01,270 --> 01:55:00,000
we're talking about decades ago

2744
01:55:05,830 --> 01:55:01,280
and

2745
01:55:07,270 --> 01:55:05,840
in 2022 talking about the boltzmann

2746
01:55:10,629 --> 01:55:07,280
brain

2747
01:55:12,390 --> 01:55:10,639
and the concept of that it breaks down

2748
01:55:14,310 --> 01:55:12,400
into this

2749
01:55:16,149 --> 01:55:14,320
everything

2750
01:55:17,669 --> 01:55:16,159
is possible

2751
01:55:19,510 --> 01:55:17,679
anything

2752
01:55:23,109 --> 01:55:19,520
is possible

2753
01:55:26,310 --> 01:55:23,119
that's it now everything will happen and

2754
01:55:28,629 --> 01:55:26,320
can happen it's just when and no matter

2755
01:55:30,709 --> 01:55:28,639
what the no matter what the forget about

2756
01:55:33,189 --> 01:55:30,719
the boltzmann brain you know this is

2757
01:55:35,669 --> 01:55:33,199
this is my thought experiment you and i

2758
01:55:37,189 --> 01:55:35,679
are cruising along right in space right

2759
01:55:38,950 --> 01:55:37,199
we got our starship

2760
01:55:41,189 --> 01:55:38,960
right jimmy and john

2761
01:55:43,830 --> 01:55:41,199
and then out in front of us and we're

2762
01:55:46,390 --> 01:55:43,840
out at the edges of the known universe

2763
01:55:49,350 --> 01:55:46,400
cruising around and looking and then we

2764
01:55:52,709 --> 01:55:49,360
pick up something and we pull up to it

2765
01:55:56,149 --> 01:55:52,719
and it's a 1966 ford mustang convertible

2766
01:56:00,070 --> 01:55:57,109
we could

2767
01:56:02,950 --> 01:56:00,080
you could if you wait long enough and

2768
01:56:06,310 --> 01:56:02,960
we're driving you will pass by

2769
01:56:09,990 --> 01:56:06,320
a unicorn driving a chrysler yes you

2770
01:56:12,830 --> 01:56:10,000
will yeah it will it it absol that atom

2771
01:56:16,070 --> 01:56:12,840
the particle everything just just

2772
01:56:20,550 --> 01:56:16,080
magically together yeah yeah it's a

2773
01:56:21,510 --> 01:56:20,560
crazy concept uh to to to think about

2774
01:56:23,830 --> 01:56:21,520
but

2775
01:56:27,430 --> 01:56:23,840
anything is possible

2776
01:56:29,350 --> 01:56:27,440
um i i lenny suskin uh does a couple of

2777
01:56:30,390 --> 01:56:29,360
presentations on this

2778
01:56:35,830 --> 01:56:30,400
and

2779
01:56:37,589 --> 01:56:35,840
your brain to melt

2780
01:56:39,750 --> 01:56:37,599
in that

2781
01:56:41,669 --> 01:56:39,760
when you listen to he does he does an

2782
01:56:43,830 --> 01:56:41,679
explanation of oatmeal or something

2783
01:56:46,790 --> 01:56:43,840
falling out of a bowl and breaking on

2784
01:56:49,189 --> 01:56:46,800
the floor and that one day the you'll

2785
01:56:50,870 --> 01:56:49,199
knock the oatmeal off of the counter and

2786
01:56:52,390 --> 01:56:50,880
it's going to fit and shatter on the

2787
01:56:54,950 --> 01:56:52,400
floor and then it's going to gather

2788
01:56:57,750 --> 01:56:54,960
itself back up adam by adam and come

2789
01:57:00,149 --> 01:56:57,760
back up into your hand and move in the

2790
01:57:02,550 --> 01:57:00,159
opposite direction now he says he goes

2791
01:57:04,709 --> 01:57:02,560
now um

2792
01:57:07,510 --> 01:57:04,719
probably won't happen

2793
01:57:09,109 --> 01:57:07,520
but it could happen and if you wait long

2794
01:57:11,589 --> 01:57:09,119
enough

2795
01:57:13,430 --> 01:57:11,599
it probably will right now and it just

2796
01:57:16,390 --> 01:57:13,440
causes your brain

2797
01:57:18,950 --> 01:57:16,400
to uh to to go into meltdown that it's

2798
01:57:20,310 --> 01:57:18,960
just a numbers game and it also it also

2799
01:57:21,830 --> 01:57:20,320
gives you an insight onto the true

2800
01:57:23,589 --> 01:57:21,840
nature of reality

2801
01:57:26,149 --> 01:57:23,599
and that it's not really what we

2802
01:57:28,870 --> 01:57:26,159
experience in our day-to-day lives it's

2803
01:57:30,709 --> 01:57:28,880
weirder than that you know and it's it's

2804
01:57:32,950 --> 01:57:30,719
just weird on its own

2805
01:57:34,790 --> 01:57:32,960
and there are other other parts of

2806
01:57:36,709 --> 01:57:34,800
physics like the the

2807
01:57:39,270 --> 01:57:36,719
well the double slit experiment you know

2808
01:57:42,629 --> 01:57:39,280
the observer problem where you you

2809
01:57:44,470 --> 01:57:42,639
apparently need a a conscious observer

2810
01:57:45,750 --> 01:57:44,480
to collapse something's wave function

2811
01:57:46,709 --> 01:57:45,760
although some people dispute that of

2812
01:57:49,030 --> 01:57:46,719
course

2813
01:57:50,470 --> 01:57:49,040
um but

2814
01:57:52,149 --> 01:57:50,480
you have to

2815
01:57:53,910 --> 01:57:52,159
observe something in order for it to

2816
01:57:55,430 --> 01:57:53,920
happen for its wave function to collapse

2817
01:57:56,950 --> 01:57:55,440
and then people have asked the question

2818
01:57:59,510 --> 01:57:56,960
well does the universe have a wave

2819
01:58:02,149 --> 01:57:59,520
function to collapse and if it does

2820
01:58:03,990 --> 01:58:02,159
what's collapsing it us

2821
01:58:05,350 --> 01:58:04,000
is it is it human consciousness and

2822
01:58:07,669 --> 01:58:05,360
those questions have been asked nobody

2823
01:58:08,790 --> 01:58:07,679
knows the answers but it's interesting

2824
01:58:12,229 --> 01:58:08,800
you know

2825
01:58:14,390 --> 01:58:12,239
science is full of science is full of

2826
01:58:15,669 --> 01:58:14,400
really weird stuff

2827
01:58:17,109 --> 01:58:15,679
that

2828
01:58:18,790 --> 01:58:17,119
can actually be

2829
01:58:20,950 --> 01:58:18,800
legitimately

2830
01:58:23,510 --> 01:58:20,960
tested and proven and shown and you know

2831
01:58:26,149 --> 01:58:23,520
suggested and hypothesized and all that

2832
01:58:27,990 --> 01:58:26,159
it is chock full of it and it's not that

2833
01:58:29,910 --> 01:58:28,000
well known as opposed to things like the

2834
01:58:31,510 --> 01:58:29,920
paranormal and stuff like that that you

2835
01:58:33,510 --> 01:58:31,520
you know is a different sort of thing

2836
01:58:36,550 --> 01:58:33,520
and but science is every bit as weird as

2837
01:58:37,830 --> 01:58:36,560
everything else it is and and so here's

2838
01:58:40,470 --> 01:58:37,840
the thing

2839
01:58:42,709 --> 01:58:40,480
when we talk about observation in in

2840
01:58:45,589 --> 01:58:42,719
measurement right we just just stop

2841
01:58:46,470 --> 01:58:45,599
right there two simple concepts right

2842
01:58:50,229 --> 01:58:46,480
but

2843
01:58:53,510 --> 01:58:50,239
if we are observing if things change

2844
01:58:57,030 --> 01:58:53,520
when they are observed which is

2845
01:58:58,310 --> 01:58:57,040
what physics is telling us is the nature

2846
01:59:01,990 --> 01:58:58,320
of everything

2847
01:59:03,350 --> 01:59:02,000
then are we changing the universe by

2848
01:59:06,550 --> 01:59:03,360
observing it

2849
01:59:08,790 --> 01:59:06,560
and and the collapsing of their

2850
01:59:09,910 --> 01:59:08,800
and not only that but the entanglement

2851
01:59:12,870 --> 01:59:09,920
nature

2852
01:59:15,669 --> 01:59:12,880
and and the locality of things

2853
01:59:18,950 --> 01:59:15,679
by just observing it are we actually

2854
01:59:21,589 --> 01:59:18,960
changing our own reality by just looking

2855
01:59:23,669 --> 01:59:21,599
at it and attempting to measure it well

2856
01:59:25,669 --> 01:59:23,679
that's the problem because the double

2857
01:59:27,510 --> 01:59:25,679
slit experiment is completely repeatable

2858
01:59:29,109 --> 01:59:27,520
we've been doing it for years and what

2859
01:59:31,669 --> 01:59:29,119
happens in this experiment is you take a

2860
01:59:34,790 --> 01:59:31,679
laser and you run it through

2861
01:59:36,870 --> 01:59:34,800
some paper slits double slits and

2862
01:59:38,149 --> 01:59:36,880
you'll see on the other side

2863
01:59:39,830 --> 01:59:38,159
um

2864
01:59:41,669 --> 01:59:39,840
you'll see an interference pattern you

2865
01:59:43,669 --> 01:59:41,679
know from the laser

2866
01:59:45,350 --> 01:59:43,679
unless you look directly at it and then

2867
01:59:46,470 --> 01:59:45,360
all of a sudden it shrinks down to two

2868
01:59:49,270 --> 01:59:46,480
slits

2869
01:59:51,030 --> 01:59:49,280
so the double slit experiment shows that

2870
01:59:53,589 --> 01:59:51,040
light behaves

2871
01:59:55,189 --> 01:59:53,599
as a wave if you're not measuring it but

2872
01:59:58,470 --> 01:59:55,199
if you're looking at it it behaves like

2873
02:00:00,870 --> 01:59:58,480
a particle it reduces down boom you know

2874
02:00:02,950 --> 02:00:00,880
so it instead of going like say you're

2875
02:00:04,550 --> 02:00:02,960
on a dock and you see the ocean you know

2876
02:00:06,149 --> 02:00:04,560
and the ocean will go through and create

2877
02:00:07,910 --> 02:00:06,159
interference patterns because of the

2878
02:00:10,310 --> 02:00:07,920
waves waves

2879
02:00:11,990 --> 02:00:10,320
waves

2880
02:00:13,669 --> 02:00:12,000
yeah right then you then you look down

2881
02:00:16,310 --> 02:00:13,679
at the ocean and it suddenly becomes a

2882
02:00:18,950 --> 02:00:16,320
piece of ice moving one direction

2883
02:00:20,709 --> 02:00:18,960
and that that happens under observation

2884
02:00:22,709 --> 02:00:20,719
in that experiment

2885
02:00:24,310 --> 02:00:22,719
so if you apply that to the universe is

2886
02:00:25,270 --> 02:00:24,320
the universe there if you're not looking

2887
02:00:27,830 --> 02:00:25,280
at it

2888
02:00:30,070 --> 02:00:27,840
maybe not

2889
02:00:34,470 --> 02:00:30,080
exactly

2890
02:00:37,030 --> 02:00:34,480
um

2891
02:00:40,470 --> 02:00:37,040
uh i just i wanted to post this up this

2892
02:00:42,470 --> 02:00:40,480
went down about 500 comments ago jmg is

2893
02:00:44,870 --> 02:00:42,480
the best he has the best takes on the

2894
02:00:48,470 --> 02:00:44,880
fermi paradox no he doesn't i do

2895
02:00:49,830 --> 02:00:48,480
but uh and all the spooky space stuff

2896
02:00:51,109 --> 02:00:49,840
which applies to what we're talking

2897
02:00:54,470 --> 02:00:51,119
about right now

2898
02:00:56,470 --> 02:00:54,480
and uh now let's uh i i got to squeeze a

2899
02:00:58,790 --> 02:00:56,480
break in uh here john so let's go ahead

2900
02:01:01,109 --> 02:00:58,800
and do that and when we come back i do

2901
02:01:03,830 --> 02:01:01,119
want to swing back uh to the

2902
02:01:06,550 --> 02:01:03,840
to the james webb uh because there is a

2903
02:01:07,510 --> 02:01:06,560
difference believe it or not uh for

2904
02:01:10,310 --> 02:01:07,520
between

2905
02:01:13,350 --> 02:01:10,320
infrared and and full spectrum and and

2906
02:01:15,990 --> 02:01:13,360
what is that and and and how is

2907
02:01:17,830 --> 02:01:16,000
the james webb not only uh able to do

2908
02:01:20,950 --> 02:01:17,840
this but what's the difference in and

2909
02:01:22,550 --> 02:01:20,960
what is actually being observed and

2910
02:01:24,229 --> 02:01:22,560
we'll do all of that when we come back

2911
02:01:26,470 --> 02:01:24,239
after this short break this is fade to

2912
02:01:27,990 --> 02:01:26,480
black i am your host jimmy church stay

2913
02:01:30,310 --> 02:01:28,000
with us

2914
02:01:32,229 --> 02:01:30,320
john michael gautier event horizon is

2915
02:01:33,990 --> 02:01:32,239
with us tonight

2916
02:01:35,990 --> 02:01:34,000
i've got a ton of images and we're going

2917
02:01:37,589 --> 02:01:36,000
to go through those too as well how is

2918
02:01:39,240 --> 02:01:37,599
it happening well he's gonna tell us

2919
02:01:46,870 --> 02:01:39,250
when we come back stay with us

2920
02:01:57,910 --> 02:01:46,880
[Music]

2921
02:02:01,350 --> 02:01:57,920
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2925
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chaotic history shows us what gold does

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when the world goes crazy it goes up in

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value right now we're in unprecedented

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unitedgoldgroup.com reach out to my

2947
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the believer is the chilling true story

2948
02:03:15,750 --> 02:03:13,520
of dr john mack a renowned harvard

2949
02:03:18,310 --> 02:03:15,760
psychiatrist and pulitzer prize winner

2950
02:03:21,030 --> 02:03:18,320
this is a outreach program from the

2951
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cosmos to the consciously impaired he

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risked it all to investigate human

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alien encounters hard science and the

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passion of john mack written by

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phenomena visit

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that's on xmedia.com

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this is jimmy church of fade to black

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join us august 5th through the 7th 2022

2983
02:04:42,229 --> 02:04:39,760
at the drury conference center in cape

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02:06:49,669 --> 02:06:47,440
serious

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02:06:51,030 --> 02:06:49,679
i couldn't stay sane without pawn mr

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brush

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why fade to black

3030
02:07:05,720 --> 02:07:01,750
this is fade to black with jimmy church

3031
02:07:18,390 --> 02:07:05,730
on the game changer radio network

3032
02:07:22,069 --> 02:07:20,069
welcome back fade to black i am your

3033
02:07:25,430 --> 02:07:22,079
host jimmy church tonight john michael

3034
02:07:26,709 --> 02:07:25,440
godier event horizon is with us

3035
02:07:27,669 --> 02:07:26,719
and uh

3036
02:07:30,709 --> 02:07:27,679
now

3037
02:07:35,189 --> 02:07:30,719
i i i just want to get straight back uh

3038
02:07:38,149 --> 02:07:35,199
uh into it if i can jmg which is is is

3039
02:07:40,229 --> 02:07:38,159
this and we're gonna i've got images oh

3040
02:07:42,149 --> 02:07:40,239
okay look everybody look i'm just gonna

3041
02:07:47,510 --> 02:07:42,159
i'm gonna pop this up we'll talk about

3042
02:07:51,750 --> 02:07:49,669
eventually

3043
02:07:53,350 --> 02:07:51,760
could be a trillion years could be two

3044
02:07:56,310 --> 02:07:53,360
trillion years

3045
02:07:58,390 --> 02:07:56,320
but eventually

3046
02:08:00,069 --> 02:07:58,400
the glue

3047
02:08:03,030 --> 02:08:00,079
and the energy

3048
02:08:06,069 --> 02:08:03,040
that keeps particles together

3049
02:08:11,910 --> 02:08:09,109
right the

3050
02:08:13,669 --> 02:08:11,920
we would right we could be on a colony

3051
02:08:15,830 --> 02:08:13,679
spaceship to a trillion years now

3052
02:08:16,950 --> 02:08:15,840
cruising and it just dissolves into

3053
02:08:19,589 --> 02:08:16,960
nothing

3054
02:08:21,030 --> 02:08:19,599
and and eventually

3055
02:08:23,189 --> 02:08:21,040
you know

3056
02:08:25,669 --> 02:08:23,199
the the energy that we

3057
02:08:27,430 --> 02:08:25,679
we think lasts forever technically isn't

3058
02:08:29,750 --> 02:08:27,440
forever is it

3059
02:08:31,669 --> 02:08:29,760
well the question the question is is at

3060
02:08:33,750 --> 02:08:31,679
what level do you want to go because

3061
02:08:35,990 --> 02:08:33,760
the real question is does the proton

3062
02:08:37,510 --> 02:08:36,000
eventually decay that's right there's

3063
02:08:39,270 --> 02:08:37,520
some people that say it does some people

3064
02:08:41,830 --> 02:08:39,280
that say they don't but the actual

3065
02:08:44,069 --> 02:08:41,840
energy the constituents of the proton we

3066
02:08:45,990 --> 02:08:44,079
don't we don't know you know what do the

3067
02:08:46,950 --> 02:08:46,000
quarks do after the you know what

3068
02:08:47,990 --> 02:08:46,960
happens

3069
02:08:49,669 --> 02:08:48,000
so

3070
02:08:52,069 --> 02:08:49,679
every everything does seem to decay

3071
02:08:53,109 --> 02:08:52,079
though i mean even black holes evaporate

3072
02:08:54,790 --> 02:08:53,119
you know

3073
02:08:57,910 --> 02:08:54,800
um but

3074
02:08:59,990 --> 02:08:57,920
it all hinges on that question really uh

3075
02:09:02,310 --> 02:09:00,000
as far as the cohesion of the the far

3076
02:09:05,189 --> 02:09:02,320
universe far future universe

3077
02:09:06,470 --> 02:09:05,199
is if the proton decays or not and we

3078
02:09:09,830 --> 02:09:06,480
don't know

3079
02:09:12,149 --> 02:09:09,840
well okay and and this is

3080
02:09:13,990 --> 02:09:12,159
and it's crazy that we're talking about

3081
02:09:17,430 --> 02:09:14,000
you know potentially trillions and

3082
02:09:20,550 --> 02:09:17,440
trillions of years you know when our uh

3083
02:09:22,229 --> 02:09:20,560
universe is 13.8 billion years old we're

3084
02:09:23,910 --> 02:09:22,239
talking about trillions of years in the

3085
02:09:26,870 --> 02:09:23,920
future that's a long time it's a

3086
02:09:29,669 --> 02:09:26,880
constant numbers those are zeros those

3087
02:09:30,790 --> 02:09:29,679
are digits that we cannot wrap our our

3088
02:09:33,270 --> 02:09:30,800
head around

3089
02:09:35,109 --> 02:09:33,280
uh that that length of time but the

3090
02:09:35,990 --> 02:09:35,119
point is simple

3091
02:09:42,950 --> 02:09:36,000
we

3092
02:09:45,189 --> 02:09:42,960
right so that energy is transferred into

3093
02:09:47,910 --> 02:09:45,199
our body it's from a star some distant

3094
02:09:50,870 --> 02:09:47,920
star gave up its life you know so it

3095
02:09:53,669 --> 02:09:50,880
could be wheat and corn and whatever

3096
02:09:55,270 --> 02:09:53,679
protein for us to eat and and that's

3097
02:09:58,709 --> 02:09:55,280
what we do

3098
02:10:01,109 --> 02:09:58,719
but to have energy

3099
02:10:03,430 --> 02:10:01,119
where does the energy come from for a

3100
02:10:05,430 --> 02:10:03,440
particle to hold itself together

3101
02:10:08,470 --> 02:10:05,440
that's that's the thing and how can that

3102
02:10:10,390 --> 02:10:08,480
energy just last for trillions of years

3103
02:10:12,950 --> 02:10:10,400
i i i don't get that

3104
02:10:15,990 --> 02:10:12,960
they're not eating food right

3105
02:10:17,750 --> 02:10:16,000
so it would eventually i guess it would

3106
02:10:20,390 --> 02:10:17,760
have to end

3107
02:10:23,030 --> 02:10:20,400
well that gets into the

3108
02:10:24,629 --> 02:10:23,040
the question of entropy right

3109
02:10:26,950 --> 02:10:24,639
and that

3110
02:10:28,550 --> 02:10:26,960
order gets increasingly disordered and

3111
02:10:29,830 --> 02:10:28,560
it's a rule you know

3112
02:10:33,189 --> 02:10:29,840
um

3113
02:10:35,830 --> 02:10:33,199
it's a law it's a law but really

3114
02:10:37,589 --> 02:10:35,840
energy and matter are the same thing you

3115
02:10:40,229 --> 02:10:37,599
know matter you could you could say is

3116
02:10:41,430 --> 02:10:40,239
condensed energy you know

3117
02:10:44,709 --> 02:10:41,440
and

3118
02:10:46,870 --> 02:10:44,719
can't destroy it i mean it's just it's

3119
02:10:49,430 --> 02:10:46,880
just there it's it's been there since

3120
02:10:50,390 --> 02:10:49,440
the uh the big bang so you're just doing

3121
02:10:51,830 --> 02:10:50,400
things

3122
02:10:53,990 --> 02:10:51,840
you know um

3123
02:10:55,990 --> 02:10:54,000
little tricks of entropy to to liberate

3124
02:10:58,310 --> 02:10:56,000
energy from you know certain things

3125
02:11:00,950 --> 02:10:58,320
chemical processes things like that

3126
02:11:02,069 --> 02:11:00,960
so it's all it all goes back to that

3127
02:11:03,830 --> 02:11:02,079
that

3128
02:11:05,189 --> 02:11:03,840
residual energy but the real the real

3129
02:11:06,790 --> 02:11:05,199
mystery is

3130
02:11:08,390 --> 02:11:06,800
okay well we understand that part of

3131
02:11:10,229 --> 02:11:08,400
energy and we use it

3132
02:11:11,830 --> 02:11:10,239
but what what is driving the expansion

3133
02:11:14,390 --> 02:11:11,840
of the universe and causing it to

3134
02:11:16,310 --> 02:11:14,400
accelerate it's getting faster

3135
02:11:18,229 --> 02:11:16,320
which is really mystifying

3136
02:11:20,709 --> 02:11:18,239
what energy is being applied to

3137
02:11:21,990 --> 02:11:20,719
space-time which is this is dark energy

3138
02:11:25,510 --> 02:11:22,000
that it's termed

3139
02:11:28,149 --> 02:11:25,520
that that's doing that and could we ever

3140
02:11:30,870 --> 02:11:28,159
make use of that so there's some other

3141
02:11:34,310 --> 02:11:30,880
form of energy in this universe driving

3142
02:11:36,229 --> 02:11:34,320
the expansion of space time that is a

3143
02:11:37,270 --> 02:11:36,239
complete unknown to us a complete

3144
02:11:40,310 --> 02:11:37,280
mystery

3145
02:11:43,270 --> 02:11:40,320
and the the other part uh to that which

3146
02:11:44,149 --> 02:11:43,280
is to me the most uh

3147
02:11:46,069 --> 02:11:44,159
uh

3148
02:11:47,910 --> 02:11:46,079
fascinating it's all fascinating but one

3149
02:11:49,109 --> 02:11:47,920
of the most fascinating aspects of all

3150
02:11:50,830 --> 02:11:49,119
of this

3151
02:11:53,910 --> 02:11:50,840
is that

3152
02:11:57,189 --> 02:11:53,920
uh relative to us

3153
02:12:00,870 --> 02:11:57,199
the expansion of the universe at at one

3154
02:12:03,830 --> 02:12:00,880
point is is ftl it's faster than light

3155
02:12:07,189 --> 02:12:03,840
so if if that is the case but it's the

3156
02:12:10,470 --> 02:12:07,199
space itself in between these objects

3157
02:12:13,750 --> 02:12:10,480
that is doing the expansion

3158
02:12:15,910 --> 02:12:13,760
it's if if we were next to

3159
02:12:17,430 --> 02:12:15,920
one of those galaxies that is at the

3160
02:12:19,510 --> 02:12:17,440
speed of light

3161
02:12:22,149 --> 02:12:19,520
it's not that we are traveling at the

3162
02:12:25,589 --> 02:12:22,159
speed of light we are with space

3163
02:12:27,990 --> 02:12:25,599
that is expanding at the speed of light

3164
02:12:29,510 --> 02:12:28,000
okay that okay so we're uh everything is

3165
02:12:30,709 --> 02:12:29,520
relative it's only because of our

3166
02:12:32,550 --> 02:12:30,719
position

3167
02:12:34,790 --> 02:12:32,560
but here is

3168
02:12:35,830 --> 02:12:34,800
if that is a crazy enough right to think

3169
02:12:37,910 --> 02:12:35,840
about

3170
02:12:39,669 --> 02:12:37,920
it's how much

3171
02:12:42,709 --> 02:12:39,679
falls off

3172
02:12:44,390 --> 02:12:42,719
the event horizon right how much of it i

3173
02:12:48,550 --> 02:12:44,400
did that for you you like that i did

3174
02:12:51,510 --> 02:12:48,560
that for you i did that for you how much

3175
02:12:53,189 --> 02:12:51,520
and we will never know

3176
02:12:55,430 --> 02:12:53,199
absolutely

3177
02:12:57,109 --> 02:12:55,440
never there's no way to find out we

3178
02:12:59,669 --> 02:12:57,119
can't ever know how big the universe is

3179
02:13:01,510 --> 02:12:59,679
um all we can do is just infer

3180
02:13:03,990 --> 02:13:01,520
based on its geometry if we can figure

3181
02:13:06,550 --> 02:13:04,000
it out that you know if you could figure

3182
02:13:08,950 --> 02:13:06,560
out the actual geometry see

3183
02:13:10,870 --> 02:13:08,960
infinite universe is only one there are

3184
02:13:12,709 --> 02:13:10,880
two others that i know that are possible

3185
02:13:14,470 --> 02:13:12,719
geometries for the universe that would

3186
02:13:15,510 --> 02:13:14,480
account for what we see

3187
02:13:17,189 --> 02:13:15,520
and

3188
02:13:18,629 --> 02:13:17,199
in that event you might be able to work

3189
02:13:20,149 --> 02:13:18,639
out if you can figure out if it's one of

3190
02:13:22,950 --> 02:13:20,159
those two other geometries that's not

3191
02:13:24,629 --> 02:13:22,960
infinite you could figure out maybe work

3192
02:13:27,830 --> 02:13:24,639
out how big the universe actually is

3193
02:13:29,430 --> 02:13:27,840
outside of the observable universe um

3194
02:13:31,830 --> 02:13:29,440
but that's as far as you can get we may

3195
02:13:34,550 --> 02:13:31,840
never we may never get that far that's

3196
02:13:37,109 --> 02:13:34,560
the universe does not guarantee that us

3197
02:13:40,229 --> 02:13:37,119
humans can know everything about it

3198
02:13:41,589 --> 02:13:40,239
it uh it does what it wants

3199
02:13:43,750 --> 02:13:41,599
the uh

3200
02:13:46,470 --> 02:13:43,760
let's get to these images i'm looking at

3201
02:13:48,229 --> 02:13:46,480
the clock and uh

3202
02:13:49,750 --> 02:13:48,239
let's go here we were talking about

3203
02:13:51,910 --> 02:13:49,760
before the break uh the difference

3204
02:13:56,149 --> 02:13:51,920
between infrared and full spectrum

3205
02:13:59,270 --> 02:13:56,159
um so this image here obviously infrared

3206
02:14:03,350 --> 02:13:59,280
uh if if we were looking at this image

3207
02:14:05,589 --> 02:14:03,360
with a ground base uh analog if you will

3208
02:14:08,709 --> 02:14:05,599
right uh telescope

3209
02:14:11,589 --> 02:14:08,719
this is this isn't what we would see

3210
02:14:13,750 --> 02:14:11,599
you would see something similar to it

3211
02:14:15,910 --> 02:14:13,760
but at lower resolution

3212
02:14:18,629 --> 02:14:15,920
and if you would you would see different

3213
02:14:21,270 --> 02:14:18,639
details in visible light but the

3214
02:14:24,229 --> 02:14:21,280
advantage to infrared is that

3215
02:14:26,149 --> 02:14:24,239
in visible light dust can block you know

3216
02:14:27,350 --> 02:14:26,159
block out light pretty efficiently

3217
02:14:28,870 --> 02:14:27,360
obviously

3218
02:14:31,910 --> 02:14:28,880
and in infrared

3219
02:14:33,669 --> 02:14:31,920
less so you know so you can see stuff uh

3220
02:14:34,629 --> 02:14:33,679
that dust would obscure you know what i

3221
02:14:36,709 --> 02:14:34,639
mean

3222
02:14:39,030 --> 02:14:36,719
and in the case of that that nebula

3223
02:14:41,990 --> 02:14:39,040
there the southern ring nebula

3224
02:14:44,709 --> 02:14:42,000
it has a lot of dust going on gas and

3225
02:14:46,069 --> 02:14:44,719
dust and by use looking at an infrared

3226
02:14:49,030 --> 02:14:46,079
you can see details that you would not

3227
02:14:50,709 --> 02:14:49,040
see in visible light and gain more and

3228
02:14:54,709 --> 02:14:50,719
the best example of that is one of the

3229
02:14:57,910 --> 02:14:54,719
images uh that that webb took of that

3230
02:14:59,430 --> 02:14:57,920
nebula actually showed the remnant star

3231
02:15:01,589 --> 02:14:59,440
in there then we'd never seen that

3232
02:15:03,910 --> 02:15:01,599
before so that was uh that was something

3233
02:15:05,270 --> 02:15:03,920
first imaged by jwst

3234
02:15:06,870 --> 02:15:05,280
um

3235
02:15:08,790 --> 02:15:06,880
and what happened here is if you look

3236
02:15:11,510 --> 02:15:08,800
carefully this is it looks like a bubble

3237
02:15:13,669 --> 02:15:11,520
around that you know around a point

3238
02:15:15,030 --> 02:15:13,679
which is not i don't think that's

3239
02:15:16,790 --> 02:15:15,040
actually the central star that you see

3240
02:15:18,790 --> 02:15:16,800
there but it's close enough

3241
02:15:20,870 --> 02:15:18,800
what happened was a star exploded it was

3242
02:15:23,510 --> 02:15:20,880
a supernova and it threw off this big

3243
02:15:25,750 --> 02:15:23,520
shell of gas and dust into space and

3244
02:15:28,069 --> 02:15:25,760
that's that's what you're seeing and if

3245
02:15:29,830 --> 02:15:28,079
you look carefully in in the actual

3246
02:15:31,830 --> 02:15:29,840
image itself you'll see weird stuff like

3247
02:15:33,270 --> 02:15:31,840
light echoes and all kinds of things you

3248
02:15:34,709 --> 02:15:33,280
know shock waves and all this stuff

3249
02:15:36,470 --> 02:15:34,719
moving through it

3250
02:15:37,910 --> 02:15:36,480
and that's what the scientists want to

3251
02:15:39,990 --> 02:15:37,920
do is they want to if you want to

3252
02:15:41,589 --> 02:15:40,000
understand the dynamics of a supernova

3253
02:15:43,430 --> 02:15:41,599
that's what you look at but it also

3254
02:15:45,030 --> 02:15:43,440
makes for a very pretty picture and this

3255
02:15:47,270 --> 02:15:45,040
was one of the first chosen because it

3256
02:15:49,350 --> 02:15:47,280
was it was pretty and and they wanted to

3257
02:15:51,030 --> 02:15:49,360
show the public the taxpayers of

3258
02:15:53,990 --> 02:15:51,040
multiple countries

3259
02:15:55,990 --> 02:15:54,000
that this telescope performs and

3260
02:15:57,270 --> 02:15:56,000
that that's what those images really

3261
02:15:59,510 --> 02:15:57,280
were for but

3262
02:16:00,629 --> 02:15:59,520
within days papers were already coming

3263
02:16:03,510 --> 02:16:00,639
out

3264
02:16:05,830 --> 02:16:03,520
on the in preprint form on

3265
02:16:07,830 --> 02:16:05,840
these images so scientists were noticing

3266
02:16:09,750 --> 02:16:07,840
things you know and writing papers on

3267
02:16:13,350 --> 02:16:09,760
them and just just from the first few

3268
02:16:20,229 --> 02:16:16,830
this um this was released

3269
02:16:22,709 --> 02:16:20,239
uh within the last week right

3270
02:16:25,189 --> 02:16:22,719
a couple days ago

3271
02:16:27,350 --> 02:16:25,199
um and that is the uh the cartwheel

3272
02:16:28,709 --> 02:16:27,360
galaxy and what i find interesting about

3273
02:16:31,189 --> 02:16:28,719
this is not necessarily the big

3274
02:16:33,589 --> 02:16:31,199
cartwheel galaxy itself but these two on

3275
02:16:35,910 --> 02:16:33,599
either side of it two white galaxies

3276
02:16:37,429 --> 02:16:35,920
little spirals and that just goes to

3277
02:16:39,190 --> 02:16:37,439
show you how how

3278
02:16:41,990 --> 02:16:39,200
how every galaxy is different they're

3279
02:16:43,110 --> 02:16:42,000
like fingerprints everyone is different

3280
02:16:45,190 --> 02:16:43,120
and

3281
02:16:48,709 --> 02:16:45,200
every speck of light that you're seeing

3282
02:16:50,469 --> 02:16:48,719
here is just another galaxy every single

3283
02:16:52,150 --> 02:16:50,479
one every single one and each one of

3284
02:16:55,509 --> 02:16:52,160
them contains

3285
02:16:59,030 --> 02:16:55,519
hundreds of billions of suns i love it i

3286
02:17:02,389 --> 02:16:59,040
absolutely love it now again um

3287
02:17:04,549 --> 02:17:02,399
uh because this is infrared um

3288
02:17:06,950 --> 02:17:04,559
with uh the conventional

3289
02:17:10,150 --> 02:17:06,960
uh ground-based telescopes

3290
02:17:11,349 --> 02:17:10,160
uh how how much is it is it just detail

3291
02:17:13,669 --> 02:17:11,359
or

3292
02:17:14,549 --> 02:17:13,679
would this look completely different to

3293
02:17:22,070 --> 02:17:14,559
us

3294
02:17:24,150 --> 02:17:22,080
it in a different spectrum and um

3295
02:17:24,950 --> 02:17:24,160
but new things are revealed when you do

3296
02:17:25,910 --> 02:17:24,960
that

3297
02:17:28,870 --> 02:17:25,920
um

3298
02:17:31,030 --> 02:17:28,880
obviously radio you know astronomy goes

3299
02:17:32,309 --> 02:17:31,040
back to visual observation you know it

3300
02:17:34,070 --> 02:17:32,319
started with the

3301
02:17:35,750 --> 02:17:34,080
people looking through telescopes at

3302
02:17:37,270 --> 02:17:35,760
these objects if they could even see

3303
02:17:39,110 --> 02:17:37,280
them um but

3304
02:17:41,429 --> 02:17:39,120
some galaxies you can't like andromeda

3305
02:17:42,709 --> 02:17:41,439
you can see uh with the telescope

3306
02:17:43,750 --> 02:17:42,719
readily

3307
02:17:45,429 --> 02:17:43,760
and they were seeing them as just

3308
02:17:47,349 --> 02:17:45,439
smudges but we relied on visual

3309
02:17:48,469 --> 02:17:47,359
astronomy for a very long time because

3310
02:17:50,709 --> 02:17:48,479
that's what we

3311
02:17:51,750 --> 02:17:50,719
we could do technologically you know we

3312
02:17:53,990 --> 02:17:51,760
could take

3313
02:17:55,830 --> 02:17:54,000
uh photographic plates and visible light

3314
02:17:57,589 --> 02:17:55,840
and all that but as our technology got

3315
02:17:59,190 --> 02:17:57,599
better we were able to just start doing

3316
02:18:01,349 --> 02:17:59,200
infrared and it's just like your

3317
02:18:04,230 --> 02:18:01,359
infrared camera at night your infrared

3318
02:18:06,469 --> 02:18:04,240
camera your night vision camera can see

3319
02:18:09,110 --> 02:18:06,479
things that you normally would not be

3320
02:18:10,389 --> 02:18:09,120
able to see with your own um eyes in the

3321
02:18:13,750 --> 02:18:10,399
visual spectrum

3322
02:18:15,190 --> 02:18:13,760
so it's the same thing and um

3323
02:18:17,429 --> 02:18:15,200
here it's more revealing for the

3324
02:18:19,509 --> 02:18:17,439
astronomers to be able to see an

3325
02:18:23,190 --> 02:18:19,519
infrared doesn't mean it can't take good

3326
02:18:27,030 --> 02:18:25,270
what are we looking at here

3327
02:18:29,030 --> 02:18:27,040
that one i have not seen

3328
02:18:30,870 --> 02:18:29,040
that's interesting

3329
02:18:33,110 --> 02:18:30,880
um i can tell you it's a type of spiral

3330
02:18:36,549 --> 02:18:33,120
galaxy of some sort it's just it's

3331
02:18:37,990 --> 02:18:36,559
stunningly beautiful yeah stunningly

3332
02:18:40,469 --> 02:18:38,000
beautiful

3333
02:18:42,709 --> 02:18:40,479
i have the names of these but uh let's

3334
02:18:45,270 --> 02:18:42,719
just continue now when this was this was

3335
02:18:46,950 --> 02:18:45,280
one of the first images released

3336
02:18:49,830 --> 02:18:46,960
and uh

3337
02:18:52,070 --> 02:18:49,840
i don't think uh

3338
02:18:53,429 --> 02:18:52,080
we were quite prepared for this kind of

3339
02:18:56,950 --> 02:18:53,439
majesty

3340
02:18:59,429 --> 02:18:56,960
that is the karina nebula and um

3341
02:19:01,110 --> 02:18:59,439
that is where stars are born right in in

3342
02:19:03,910 --> 02:19:01,120
an environment like that where you have

3343
02:19:05,990 --> 02:19:03,920
gas and dust and what what what web can

3344
02:19:07,190 --> 02:19:06,000
do and this is another thing that it can

3345
02:19:09,110 --> 02:19:07,200
do with uh

3346
02:19:11,750 --> 02:19:09,120
infrared is actually you can see the

3347
02:19:12,950 --> 02:19:11,760
voids that form inside that that nebula

3348
02:19:15,110 --> 02:19:12,960
and study them

3349
02:19:17,030 --> 02:19:15,120
that are where a star is forming and the

3350
02:19:20,230 --> 02:19:17,040
material is all falling into it forming

3351
02:19:22,549 --> 02:19:20,240
a void so this this will tell scientists

3352
02:19:23,830 --> 02:19:22,559
a ton about star formation and how that

3353
02:19:24,709 --> 02:19:23,840
occurs

3354
02:19:27,429 --> 02:19:24,719
but

3355
02:19:29,509 --> 02:19:27,439
very few things compete with nebulous as

3356
02:19:31,830 --> 02:19:29,519
far as majesty and they just wanted to

3357
02:19:34,389 --> 02:19:31,840
um do something instead of just retaking

3358
02:19:36,070 --> 02:19:34,399
and redoing the pillars of creation a

3359
02:19:38,230 --> 02:19:36,080
photograph from hubble back in the day

3360
02:19:39,830 --> 02:19:38,240
that wowed everybody back in the 90s

3361
02:19:42,150 --> 02:19:39,840
they wanted to do it with the karina

3362
02:19:43,910 --> 02:19:42,160
nebula and it's just a

3363
02:19:46,950 --> 02:19:43,920
beautifully defined

3364
02:19:49,750 --> 02:19:46,960
reins reminds me of mountains you know

3365
02:19:51,429 --> 02:19:49,760
it does it's exactly what it does it it

3366
02:19:53,830 --> 02:19:51,439
i i think everybody thought the same

3367
02:19:54,790 --> 02:19:53,840
thing you know that looks like earth

3368
02:19:57,670 --> 02:19:54,800
right

3369
02:20:00,309 --> 02:19:57,680
it has a it has a strange familiarity to

3370
02:20:02,389 --> 02:20:00,319
it it does it absolutely does

3371
02:20:05,270 --> 02:20:02,399
and uh now

3372
02:20:07,349 --> 02:20:05,280
one thing uh

3373
02:20:10,150 --> 02:20:07,359
when when this image was brought out and

3374
02:20:13,349 --> 02:20:10,160
i was watching the different comments um

3375
02:20:15,349 --> 02:20:13,359
uh from uh different uh astrophysicists

3376
02:20:18,950 --> 02:20:15,359
and astronomers around the world about

3377
02:20:21,590 --> 02:20:18,960
this image and and what it implies

3378
02:20:25,190 --> 02:20:21,600
the one thing that we understand now and

3379
02:20:27,910 --> 02:20:25,200
i don't i don't get it uh john why

3380
02:20:31,590 --> 02:20:27,920
um it seems like this

3381
02:20:34,710 --> 02:20:31,600
recent revelation that now

3382
02:20:38,790 --> 02:20:34,720
it is generally accepted

3383
02:20:42,150 --> 02:20:38,800
that uh when a star is forming

3384
02:20:45,110 --> 02:20:42,160
it's going to have a ring of dust that

3385
02:20:47,349 --> 02:20:45,120
all of them have that gravity overtakes

3386
02:20:50,309 --> 02:20:47,359
the dust clumps together and then

3387
02:20:54,150 --> 02:20:50,319
planets are formed that this process

3388
02:20:55,510 --> 02:20:54,160
is what all stars go through therefore

3389
02:20:59,030 --> 02:20:55,520
every star

3390
02:21:01,670 --> 02:20:59,040
has at least one planetary body uh

3391
02:21:03,750 --> 02:21:01,680
orbiting around it if not many like our

3392
02:21:05,990 --> 02:21:03,760
own solar system and we thought we were

3393
02:21:07,910 --> 02:21:06,000
unique and now it turns out that

3394
02:21:09,910 --> 02:21:07,920
everything that we look at has gone

3395
02:21:14,469 --> 02:21:09,920
through the same process how come it

3396
02:21:16,389 --> 02:21:14,479
took us so long to come to such a basic

3397
02:21:18,630 --> 02:21:16,399
uh formulation for how things are

3398
02:21:21,190 --> 02:21:18,640
created well i think it's a

3399
02:21:23,510 --> 02:21:21,200
it's an unbelievably complex process

3400
02:21:25,349 --> 02:21:23,520
that's very very difficult to actually

3401
02:21:27,750 --> 02:21:25,359
observe because

3402
02:21:29,990 --> 02:21:27,760
you have to find a protoplanetary disk

3403
02:21:33,349 --> 02:21:30,000
and you have to be able to study it and

3404
02:21:35,349 --> 02:21:33,359
given that it is it's a disk of dust

3405
02:21:37,429 --> 02:21:35,359
very dense you know dust that's forming

3406
02:21:39,910 --> 02:21:37,439
the planets it's hard to see through it

3407
02:21:42,710 --> 02:21:39,920
but infrared gives you a chance and

3408
02:21:44,710 --> 02:21:42,720
we've seen something weird in infrared a

3409
02:21:46,230 --> 02:21:44,720
few years ago they were looking you know

3410
02:21:50,070 --> 02:21:46,240
a group of scientists were looking in

3411
02:21:52,309 --> 02:21:50,080
infrared at a uh a star system a baby

3412
02:21:55,349 --> 02:21:52,319
star system inside of a protoplanetary

3413
02:21:56,790 --> 02:21:55,359
disk and they saw a gigantic flash of

3414
02:21:59,349 --> 02:21:56,800
infrared light

3415
02:22:01,590 --> 02:21:59,359
and it actually the afterglow lasted

3416
02:22:03,590 --> 02:22:01,600
over a year what had to have happened is

3417
02:22:05,750 --> 02:22:03,600
two planets inside that cloud of dust

3418
02:22:07,429 --> 02:22:05,760
and gas collided

3419
02:22:09,110 --> 02:22:07,439
so we'd never seen anything like that

3420
02:22:11,349 --> 02:22:09,120
before we just happened to get lucky and

3421
02:22:13,670 --> 02:22:11,359
be observing it when it was happening

3422
02:22:15,910 --> 02:22:13,680
and expect that kind of stuff from webb

3423
02:22:18,630 --> 02:22:15,920
because infrared yields these kinds of

3424
02:22:20,550 --> 02:22:18,640
surprises because you're looking at heat

3425
02:22:21,910 --> 02:22:20,560
you know and you know what he tells you

3426
02:22:23,830 --> 02:22:21,920
you know he tells you something's

3427
02:22:26,150 --> 02:22:23,840
happening

3428
02:22:28,309 --> 02:22:26,160
and it's a process that happened many

3429
02:22:30,469 --> 02:22:28,319
times in our own solar system

3430
02:22:31,590 --> 02:22:30,479
yeah absolutely and and i mean we think

3431
02:22:33,590 --> 02:22:31,600
that the

3432
02:22:35,190 --> 02:22:33,600
well anyway the best explanation for the

3433
02:22:37,590 --> 02:22:35,200
formation of the moon was a glancing

3434
02:22:39,910 --> 02:22:37,600
blow with a with a mars-sized object

3435
02:22:42,230 --> 02:22:39,920
called thea early in earth's history

3436
02:22:43,110 --> 02:22:42,240
and we actually see evidence of thea

3437
02:22:46,230 --> 02:22:43,120
down

3438
02:22:48,950 --> 02:22:46,240
in you know maps of uh the lower mantle

3439
02:22:51,590 --> 02:22:48,960
of earth you see these globs that seem

3440
02:22:53,270 --> 02:22:51,600
to be the remnants of this this this you

3441
02:22:55,110 --> 02:22:53,280
know planetoid that hit us

3442
02:22:57,349 --> 02:22:55,120
and uh the moon was just the junk that

3443
02:22:59,110 --> 02:22:57,359
was thrown off and it you know went

3444
02:23:00,469 --> 02:22:59,120
through its uh

3445
02:23:02,309 --> 02:23:00,479
formation from there but the thing is

3446
02:23:04,710 --> 02:23:02,319
it's chemically when you look at

3447
02:23:07,670 --> 02:23:04,720
at the composition of the moon

3448
02:23:09,750 --> 02:23:07,680
and earth they're very closely related

3449
02:23:10,870 --> 02:23:09,760
like they were once part of the same

3450
02:23:11,670 --> 02:23:10,880
same thing

3451
02:23:16,389 --> 02:23:11,680
uh

3452
02:23:19,110 --> 02:23:16,399
planetary collisions and just not

3453
02:23:21,750 --> 02:23:19,120
exactly garbage i think it's just a

3454
02:23:24,790 --> 02:23:21,760
collection point of garbage because

3455
02:23:27,349 --> 02:23:24,800
it's just the the leftovers and things

3456
02:23:29,349 --> 02:23:27,359
like that the real material the real

3457
02:23:31,349 --> 02:23:29,359
pristine stuff are the comets coming in

3458
02:23:34,710 --> 02:23:31,359
from the outer solar system there just

3459
02:23:36,309 --> 02:23:34,720
wasn't enough material out there to form

3460
02:23:38,790 --> 02:23:36,319
well they i mean

3461
02:23:41,030 --> 02:23:38,800
maybe there was enough you know but

3462
02:23:42,950 --> 02:23:41,040
the point is it's it's material that's

3463
02:23:44,389 --> 02:23:42,960
untouched since the formation of the

3464
02:23:47,190 --> 02:23:44,399
solar system that's just been out there

3465
02:23:48,710 --> 02:23:47,200
and deep freeze and that's really

3466
02:23:50,710 --> 02:23:48,720
interesting material because it seems to

3467
02:23:52,550 --> 02:23:50,720
be related to the genesis of life

3468
02:23:54,150 --> 02:23:52,560
because it contains some of the amino

3469
02:23:55,590 --> 02:23:54,160
acids and things like that that were

3470
02:23:58,150 --> 02:23:55,600
involved

3471
02:24:01,190 --> 02:23:58,160
uh here's uh the deep field again oh

3472
02:24:04,389 --> 02:24:01,200
this is now um

3473
02:24:06,150 --> 02:24:04,399
uh arendelle and let me let me pull up

3474
02:24:10,389 --> 02:24:06,160
this let me pull this down

3475
02:24:14,389 --> 02:24:10,399
uh because at the same time uh

3476
02:24:15,990 --> 02:24:14,399
so this is aaron dale here

3477
02:24:19,990 --> 02:24:16,000
right yep

3478
02:24:24,070 --> 02:24:20,000
okay and so if i go back uh to this this

3479
02:24:28,389 --> 02:24:26,710
i my understanding is yes that's what

3480
02:24:29,429 --> 02:24:28,399
they seem to be suggesting

3481
02:24:30,950 --> 02:24:29,439
right

3482
02:24:32,150 --> 02:24:30,960
i don't know you know i don't i can't

3483
02:24:33,110 --> 02:24:32,160
say that for certain though that but

3484
02:24:35,110 --> 02:24:33,120
that seemed to be what they were

3485
02:24:37,910 --> 02:24:35,120
suggesting today that i saw the same

3486
02:24:41,030 --> 02:24:37,920
thing you did yeah and it it is the

3487
02:24:43,990 --> 02:24:41,040
farthest uh star that uh that we have

3488
02:24:47,190 --> 02:24:44,000
observed so far it right now

3489
02:24:48,790 --> 02:24:47,200
because uh we see it as it was 12.9

3490
02:24:49,990 --> 02:24:48,800
billion years ago

3491
02:24:52,469 --> 02:24:50,000
but now

3492
02:24:55,590 --> 02:24:52,479
if we could see that star that star is

3493
02:24:57,429 --> 02:24:55,600
28 billion light years from us because

3494
02:24:59,910 --> 02:24:57,439
of the expansion of the universe over

3495
02:25:02,469 --> 02:24:59,920
that time over the the 12.9 billion

3496
02:25:04,469 --> 02:25:02,479
years so that is we're looking at by far

3497
02:25:06,630 --> 02:25:04,479
the most distant single object we've

3498
02:25:09,590 --> 02:25:06,640
ever seen i'm just going to do this just

3499
02:25:11,750 --> 02:25:09,600
for grins i can't stop looking at this

3500
02:25:12,630 --> 02:25:11,760
and when um when

3501
02:25:15,990 --> 02:25:12,640
uh

3502
02:25:18,870 --> 02:25:16,000
and i i believe the bright blue galaxy

3503
02:25:19,910 --> 02:25:18,880
in the middle right just below the

3504
02:25:21,190 --> 02:25:19,920
center

3505
02:25:23,990 --> 02:25:21,200
so

3506
02:25:25,110 --> 02:25:24,000
they took the hubble images of that

3507
02:25:27,429 --> 02:25:25,120
section

3508
02:25:29,670 --> 02:25:27,439
and and looked at the same galaxy in the

3509
02:25:31,030 --> 02:25:29,680
hubble images you don't see anything

3510
02:25:32,950 --> 02:25:31,040
it's beautiful

3511
02:25:34,309 --> 02:25:32,960
right but in this image once it was

3512
02:25:36,710 --> 02:25:34,319
enlarged

3513
02:25:38,790 --> 02:25:36,720
there was like seven seven individual

3514
02:25:40,070 --> 02:25:38,800
stars that were observable inside of

3515
02:25:41,910 --> 02:25:40,080
that galaxy

3516
02:25:43,910 --> 02:25:41,920
yeah the gravitational lensing allows

3517
02:25:45,110 --> 02:25:43,920
just by look it allows it but the thing

3518
02:25:47,429 --> 02:25:45,120
is is that you can also use

3519
02:25:49,190 --> 02:25:47,439
gravitational lensing artificially so if

3520
02:25:50,550 --> 02:25:49,200
you were to put a

3521
02:25:51,429 --> 02:25:50,560
telescope

3522
02:25:53,190 --> 02:25:51,439
at

3523
02:25:56,070 --> 02:25:53,200
in the far outer solar system you'd have

3524
02:25:57,830 --> 02:25:56,080
to do this pointing at the sun using the

3525
02:26:01,030 --> 02:25:57,840
sun as a gravitational lens you

3526
02:26:03,990 --> 02:26:01,040
automatically get a gigantic

3527
02:26:06,070 --> 02:26:04,000
boost a gigantic telescope and you can

3528
02:26:07,750 --> 02:26:06,080
also do it uh from earth there's a

3529
02:26:10,309 --> 02:26:07,760
concept called the pteroscope by david

3530
02:26:12,469 --> 02:26:10,319
kipping where you use earth as a

3531
02:26:14,070 --> 02:26:12,479
gravitational lens so you can actually

3532
02:26:16,309 --> 02:26:14,080
make your telescopes

3533
02:26:19,030 --> 02:26:16,319
way way more powerful than you can just

3534
02:26:20,389 --> 02:26:19,040
as they are we're just not quite to the

3535
02:26:22,550 --> 02:26:20,399
stage we need to be able to take

3536
02:26:25,750 --> 02:26:22,560
advantage of the photo yeah that you

3537
02:26:27,349 --> 02:26:25,760
know and that's right and when

3538
02:26:29,349 --> 02:26:27,359
i think a lot of people

3539
02:26:31,349 --> 02:26:29,359
and because i go through this it has to

3540
02:26:33,990 --> 02:26:31,359
be the same for everybody when we

3541
02:26:36,389 --> 02:26:34,000
discuss the fabric of the universe right

3542
02:26:40,630 --> 02:26:36,399
and when we talk about this

3543
02:26:43,510 --> 02:26:40,640
well that that does apply to us too

3544
02:26:46,230 --> 02:26:43,520
it applies to the sun it applies to mars

3545
02:26:48,469 --> 02:26:46,240
yeah gravity yeah that's it that the

3546
02:26:50,070 --> 02:26:48,479
fabric of the universe isn't just

3547
02:26:52,469 --> 02:26:50,080
everything else

3548
02:26:54,950 --> 02:26:52,479
all of these concepts and gravitational

3549
02:26:57,270 --> 02:26:54,960
lensing uh apply to us

3550
02:26:58,389 --> 02:26:57,280
uh right here in our own star system

3551
02:27:01,030 --> 02:26:58,399
absolutely

3552
02:27:02,550 --> 02:27:01,040
no nothing's immune and um

3553
02:27:04,550 --> 02:27:02,560
the the

3554
02:27:06,950 --> 02:27:04,560
the reality is that

3555
02:27:08,550 --> 02:27:06,960
when you look at these galaxies

3556
02:27:11,270 --> 02:27:08,560
well we live in one of these so these

3557
02:27:13,830 --> 02:27:11,280
very very distant galaxies though

3558
02:27:15,590 --> 02:27:13,840
they are they are obeying the same rules

3559
02:27:16,950 --> 02:27:15,600
as the milky way is

3560
02:27:18,469 --> 02:27:16,960
you know the milky way is a barred

3561
02:27:20,389 --> 02:27:18,479
spiral and you see you look out there

3562
02:27:21,590 --> 02:27:20,399
you see little spiral galaxies you know

3563
02:27:23,830 --> 02:27:21,600
and things like that

3564
02:27:25,270 --> 02:27:23,840
it's because the laws of physics

3565
02:27:27,030 --> 02:27:25,280
because we can see this stuff we know

3566
02:27:28,870 --> 02:27:27,040
that the laws of physics are the same

3567
02:27:31,670 --> 02:27:28,880
everywhere

3568
02:27:35,270 --> 02:27:31,680
back in i think it was i don't know the

3569
02:27:38,389 --> 02:27:35,280
exact year um but i think it was 1936

3570
02:27:41,670 --> 02:27:38,399
um after uh

3571
02:27:44,870 --> 02:27:41,680
a lot of heavy analysis was going on uh

3572
02:27:47,830 --> 02:27:44,880
with general and special and the the

3573
02:27:49,590 --> 02:27:47,840
concepts behind this well there was a

3574
02:27:52,550 --> 02:27:49,600
full eclipse

3575
02:27:54,389 --> 02:27:52,560
um that went across and that's uh

3576
02:27:55,349 --> 02:27:54,399
everybody set up

3577
02:27:58,950 --> 02:27:55,359
their

3578
02:28:00,550 --> 02:27:58,960
sun to see if we could photograph

3579
02:28:03,190 --> 02:28:00,560
objects behind it

3580
02:28:04,790 --> 02:28:03,200
and and we did and that

3581
02:28:09,110 --> 02:28:04,800
those

3582
02:28:11,590 --> 02:28:09,120
theories were proven uh from albert

3583
02:28:13,349 --> 02:28:11,600
einstein from 1915. absolutely that that

3584
02:28:15,990 --> 02:28:13,359
was a the first i think it was eddington

3585
02:28:16,790 --> 02:28:16,000
that yeah eddington that was a big deal

3586
02:28:18,950 --> 02:28:16,800
now

3587
02:28:21,590 --> 02:28:18,960
this looks like a cave painting from

3588
02:28:24,070 --> 02:28:21,600
spain from 40 000 years ago it really

3589
02:28:27,510 --> 02:28:24,080
does um

3590
02:28:29,110 --> 02:28:27,520
i i cave paintings are

3591
02:28:31,429 --> 02:28:29,120
definitely one of my most favorite

3592
02:28:34,070 --> 02:28:31,439
things because it's a it's a telescope

3593
02:28:36,389 --> 02:28:34,080
of human thought through time 40 000

3594
02:28:39,270 --> 02:28:36,399
years you know and that was what that

3595
02:28:40,710 --> 02:28:39,280
person thought that long ago and that

3596
02:28:42,550 --> 02:28:40,720
that just that's another one of the

3597
02:28:44,070 --> 02:28:42,560
things that fires my imagination is cave

3598
02:28:46,309 --> 02:28:44,080
paintings

3599
02:28:48,790 --> 02:28:46,319
somebody just commented and give it up

3600
02:28:50,389 --> 02:28:48,800
dude i don't date what are you guys

3601
02:28:53,110 --> 02:28:50,399
chatting about we're talking about the

3602
02:28:56,790 --> 02:28:53,120
james webb telescope and i've got a

3603
02:29:00,150 --> 02:28:56,800
singles bar going on in the chat room so

3604
02:29:01,670 --> 02:29:00,160
but isn't this incredible now um again i

3605
02:29:04,230 --> 02:29:01,680
have to ask

3606
02:29:06,150 --> 02:29:04,240
uh the basic question because i don't

3607
02:29:08,950 --> 02:29:06,160
fully understand this

3608
02:29:11,510 --> 02:29:08,960
um we've seen images similar to this in

3609
02:29:12,950 --> 02:29:11,520
the past similar not even close to being

3610
02:29:14,870 --> 02:29:12,960
as cool of course

3611
02:29:15,830 --> 02:29:14,880
but

3612
02:29:19,030 --> 02:29:15,840
why

3613
02:29:20,550 --> 02:29:19,040
does infrared give us this image and if

3614
02:29:22,389 --> 02:29:20,560
we looked at this with a conventional

3615
02:29:24,630 --> 02:29:22,399
telescope or a radio telescope

3616
02:29:26,389 --> 02:29:24,640
we wouldn't see the same thing right

3617
02:29:27,670 --> 02:29:26,399
you know you see i mean you see similar

3618
02:29:30,469 --> 02:29:27,680
the you know

3619
02:29:31,990 --> 02:29:30,479
they correlate but at the same time

3620
02:29:33,190 --> 02:29:32,000
it's just because you can see through

3621
02:29:35,110 --> 02:29:33,200
different you know when you're looking

3622
02:29:38,070 --> 02:29:35,120
at something dusty in gas you have gas

3623
02:29:40,790 --> 02:29:38,080
like that infrared can see details

3624
02:29:43,429 --> 02:29:40,800
through it more than than visible light

3625
02:29:44,870 --> 02:29:43,439
it's hopeless um so you just get a

3626
02:29:46,469 --> 02:29:44,880
different perspective

3627
02:29:47,990 --> 02:29:46,479
that's not to say you don't need visible

3628
02:29:49,349 --> 02:29:48,000
light you do because you can do

3629
02:29:51,349 --> 02:29:49,359
observations like the hubble space

3630
02:29:53,429 --> 02:29:51,359
telescope does

3631
02:29:55,110 --> 02:29:53,439
invisible light but

3632
02:29:57,190 --> 02:29:55,120
webb gives you a little bit different of

3633
02:29:58,389 --> 02:29:57,200
a perspective again it's it's like

3634
02:30:00,469 --> 02:29:58,399
having

3635
02:30:01,270 --> 02:30:00,479
night vision goggles you know as opposed

3636
02:30:02,870 --> 02:30:01,280
to

3637
02:30:05,750 --> 02:30:02,880
your eyes when walking around in the

3638
02:30:07,590 --> 02:30:05,760
backyard at night yeah okay

3639
02:30:09,750 --> 02:30:07,600
and running into a brown recluse yeah

3640
02:30:11,349 --> 02:30:09,760
running into a brown recluse or a

3641
02:30:14,630 --> 02:30:11,359
scorpion but

3642
02:30:16,389 --> 02:30:14,640
here's the thing if you and i again were

3643
02:30:18,710 --> 02:30:16,399
in our starship

3644
02:30:21,270 --> 02:30:18,720
and we're just looking out the windows

3645
02:30:23,190 --> 02:30:21,280
flying through this section of space

3646
02:30:25,590 --> 02:30:23,200
we're not going to see this we're going

3647
02:30:27,110 --> 02:30:25,600
to just see black right we're just going

3648
02:30:29,990 --> 02:30:27,120
to see normal space

3649
02:30:33,510 --> 02:30:30,000
you know that's a good question um

3650
02:30:36,550 --> 02:30:33,520
with just our eyes what would we see

3651
02:30:38,790 --> 02:30:36,560
there are some nebulas uh like the orion

3652
02:30:42,150 --> 02:30:38,800
nebula that people with really good eyes

3653
02:30:43,510 --> 02:30:42,160
can see without you know the unaided eye

3654
02:30:45,670 --> 02:30:43,520
so

3655
02:30:48,389 --> 02:30:45,680
you would see that you would see that

3656
02:30:49,830 --> 02:30:48,399
because it's illuminated by stars

3657
02:30:53,990 --> 02:30:49,840
so

3658
02:30:56,309 --> 02:30:54,000
infrared we can't see that

3659
02:30:58,710 --> 02:30:56,319
so we would see

3660
02:31:02,790 --> 02:30:58,720
a nebula like this probably as a big

3661
02:31:05,270 --> 02:31:02,800
blue blob right but we wouldn't see this

3662
02:31:07,510 --> 02:31:05,280
we wouldn't be losing through this no

3663
02:31:09,110 --> 02:31:07,520
you would not uh it's the instrument you

3664
02:31:11,270 --> 02:31:09,120
need an instrument to see you need an

3665
02:31:12,630 --> 02:31:11,280
instrument that's the mind-blowing part

3666
02:31:14,469 --> 02:31:12,640
let's take our break and we're going to

3667
02:31:17,429 --> 02:31:14,479
head straight into overtime everybody

3668
02:31:18,870 --> 02:31:17,439
relax we're not done yet and i feel like

3669
02:31:22,309 --> 02:31:18,880
we're just getting started this should

3670
02:31:25,270 --> 02:31:22,319
have been like a six-hour show john

3671
02:31:27,750 --> 02:31:25,280
hey i i can do six hour shows

3672
02:31:29,670 --> 02:31:27,760
okay i can do it i got the stamina

3673
02:31:31,750 --> 02:31:29,680
don't don't tempt me and don't tempt me

3674
02:31:33,110 --> 02:31:31,760
i've got lots of good coffee let's take

3675
02:31:35,990 --> 02:31:33,120
our break right here we're gonna do

3676
02:31:37,510 --> 02:31:36,000
overtime with john michael gautier you

3677
02:31:39,990 --> 02:31:37,520
just stay right there you know what

3678
02:31:42,389 --> 02:31:40,000
don't panic it's all good this is fade

3679
02:31:45,590 --> 02:31:42,399
to black i am your host jimmy church

3680
02:31:47,110 --> 02:31:45,600
more with the host of event horizon john

3681
02:31:52,760 --> 02:31:47,120
michael gautier when we come back after

3682
02:32:02,270 --> 02:32:01,080
[Music]

3683
02:32:08,550 --> 02:32:02,280
[Applause]

3684
02:32:14,370 --> 02:32:09,900
yes

3685
02:32:15,650 --> 02:32:14,380
[Music]

3686
02:32:23,670 --> 02:32:15,660
[Applause]

3687
02:32:27,349 --> 02:32:25,830
you're listening to jimmy church and

3688
02:32:32,309 --> 02:32:27,359
fade to black

3689
02:32:36,550 --> 02:32:34,150
hey what up y'all should go biblical fox

3690
02:32:37,510 --> 02:32:36,560
here and you are listening to my boy

3691
02:32:41,830 --> 02:32:37,520
jimmy

3692
02:32:52,469 --> 02:32:44,309
despite popular opinion

3693
02:32:57,670 --> 02:32:54,550
hello fader knots jimmy church here

3694
02:32:59,910 --> 02:32:57,680
you've seen me with my thunderstorm now

3695
02:33:02,150 --> 02:32:59,920
you can purify the air in your home and

3696
02:33:04,469 --> 02:33:02,160
get healthy clean fresh smelling air and

3697
02:33:06,469 --> 02:33:04,479
eliminate odors just like i do right

3698
02:33:08,950 --> 02:33:06,479
here in the bunker the eden pier

3699
02:33:11,510 --> 02:33:08,960
thunderstorm uses oxy technology that

3700
02:33:13,830 --> 02:33:11,520
naturally sends out o3 molecules into

3701
02:33:16,150 --> 02:33:13,840
the air which seek out odors and air

3702
02:33:18,710 --> 02:33:16,160
pollutants in your home and destroys

3703
02:33:21,190 --> 02:33:18,720
them it's called a thunderstorm because

3704
02:33:23,670 --> 02:33:21,200
it purifies the air just like after a

3705
02:33:25,429 --> 02:33:23,680
thunderstorm and right now you can save

3706
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two hundred dollars on an eden pier

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3708
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3709
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3710
02:33:36,190 --> 02:33:35,200
hundred dollars seriously

3711
02:33:39,910 --> 02:33:36,200
go to

3712
02:33:42,469 --> 02:33:39,920
edenpuredeals.com and use fader 3.

3713
02:33:45,190 --> 02:33:42,479
shipping is free and it's easy just

3714
02:33:45,990 --> 02:33:45,200
scroll down you'll see my name right

3715
02:33:49,110 --> 02:33:46,000
there

3716
02:33:50,550 --> 02:33:49,120
jimmy church click on it and get your

3717
02:33:55,429 --> 02:33:50,560
deal today

3718
02:33:59,670 --> 02:33:57,590
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3760
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3783
02:36:59,380 --> 02:36:52,479
not a store we chose we were born this

3784
02:37:13,830 --> 02:37:10,190
[Music]

3785
02:37:16,550 --> 02:37:13,840
welcome back fade to blackout murals

3786
02:37:22,070 --> 02:37:18,630
great great great

3787
02:37:25,429 --> 02:37:22,080
great conversation tonight

3788
02:37:28,790 --> 02:37:25,439
john michael gautier i just got uh

3789
02:37:31,270 --> 02:37:28,800
i just got the breaking news uh in uh

3790
02:37:32,710 --> 02:37:31,280
vin scully has passed away at the age of

3791
02:37:33,670 --> 02:37:32,720
94.

3792
02:37:34,710 --> 02:37:33,680
um

3793
02:37:37,190 --> 02:37:34,720
uh

3794
02:37:39,510 --> 02:37:37,200
you know this is live radio but i will

3795
02:37:41,590 --> 02:37:39,520
just say this uh really quick

3796
02:37:44,150 --> 02:37:41,600
uh i knew uh

3797
02:37:47,670 --> 02:37:44,160
vin very very well i've talked about

3798
02:37:51,030 --> 02:37:47,680
that many times on the show and uh

3799
02:37:53,750 --> 02:37:51,040
pretty close with the guy and uh

3800
02:37:57,429 --> 02:37:53,760
he really helped me uh in my career and

3801
02:37:59,349 --> 02:37:57,439
gave me a lot of advice early on and

3802
02:38:02,469 --> 02:37:59,359
i spent a lot of days and nights with

3803
02:38:05,510 --> 02:38:02,479
him and uh i'm

3804
02:38:08,230 --> 02:38:05,520
i'm a little bit moved at the moment

3805
02:38:09,830 --> 02:38:08,240
and uh so there you go uh thoughts and

3806
02:38:12,630 --> 02:38:09,840
prayers with uh

3807
02:38:15,349 --> 02:38:12,640
with his uh family and there you go 94

3808
02:38:17,510 --> 02:38:15,359
years old though you lived in 94

3809
02:38:18,870 --> 02:38:17,520
and you have the career that he has you

3810
02:38:21,590 --> 02:38:18,880
know what

3811
02:38:22,710 --> 02:38:21,600
right on that's all you can say

3812
02:38:27,429 --> 02:38:22,720
uh

3813
02:38:30,309 --> 02:38:27,439
a life like that and and cruise through

3814
02:38:32,710 --> 02:38:30,319
uh to the to the age of 94. you know the

3815
02:38:34,950 --> 02:38:32,720
crazy thing i i don't do sports anymore

3816
02:38:35,750 --> 02:38:34,960
uh john but um

3817
02:38:39,590 --> 02:38:35,760
uh

3818
02:38:42,710 --> 02:38:39,600
the thing is is that guy

3819
02:38:44,309 --> 02:38:42,720
uh mr scully was a professionals

3820
02:38:47,830 --> 02:38:44,319
professional

3821
02:38:48,950 --> 02:38:47,840
that's it he was exactly

3822
02:38:51,910 --> 02:38:48,960
who you

3823
02:38:53,670 --> 02:38:51,920
think he was you know and

3824
02:38:56,070 --> 02:38:53,680
and you go and you meet somebody like

3825
02:38:57,830 --> 02:38:56,080
that with uh such you know such a

3826
02:38:59,270 --> 02:38:57,840
reputation and a history we all grew up

3827
02:39:01,590 --> 02:38:59,280
with him and everything and then he just

3828
02:39:03,990 --> 02:39:01,600
found out what dude

3829
02:39:05,030 --> 02:39:04,000
you're exactly like you're supposed to

3830
02:39:06,550 --> 02:39:05,040
be

3831
02:39:09,750 --> 02:39:06,560
and uh

3832
02:39:11,429 --> 02:39:09,760
uh you know and and and and he was just

3833
02:39:12,309 --> 02:39:11,439
that he was a very nice guy he's very

3834
02:39:14,469 --> 02:39:12,319
cool

3835
02:39:16,150 --> 02:39:14,479
and uh there you go so rest in peace uh

3836
02:39:18,710 --> 02:39:16,160
vin scully all right you changed the

3837
02:39:22,389 --> 02:39:18,720
world and very few people can say that

3838
02:39:25,590 --> 02:39:22,399
but uh but he did um so okay let's let's

3839
02:39:27,830 --> 02:39:25,600
move on let's move on and uh were you a

3840
02:39:31,270 --> 02:39:27,840
sports guy are you a sports guy

3841
02:39:33,510 --> 02:39:31,280
no jimmy but um if i have an analog

3842
02:39:36,230 --> 02:39:33,520
of uh of that

3843
02:39:37,270 --> 02:39:36,240
what will get me is is when dick cavett

3844
02:39:40,230 --> 02:39:37,280
dies

3845
02:39:42,710 --> 02:39:40,240
because that's where i went to

3846
02:39:44,309 --> 02:39:42,720
you know learn how to do interviews and

3847
02:39:45,670 --> 02:39:44,319
he was a big influence

3848
02:39:47,910 --> 02:39:45,680
um

3849
02:39:50,150 --> 02:39:47,920
so it's it's these guys are getting up

3850
02:39:52,309 --> 02:39:50,160
there you know these great

3851
02:39:55,830 --> 02:39:52,319
interviewers from radio and television

3852
02:39:57,670 --> 02:39:55,840
are uh are getting up there and and we

3853
02:39:58,950 --> 02:39:57,680
we're a different breed you know the

3854
02:40:01,349 --> 02:39:58,960
younger generation we're a different

3855
02:40:03,990 --> 02:40:01,359
breed um but this has happened before i

3856
02:40:07,190 --> 02:40:04,000
mean man you ever go back and listen to

3857
02:40:09,349 --> 02:40:07,200
some old radio you know in our our sort

3858
02:40:10,230 --> 02:40:09,359
of grain of listening like long john

3859
02:40:12,309 --> 02:40:10,240
neville

3860
02:40:14,870 --> 02:40:12,319
he's my favorite you know

3861
02:40:17,510 --> 02:40:14,880
long john nibbles my um

3862
02:40:18,630 --> 02:40:17,520
he's in my bio long john nibbles in my

3863
02:40:19,670 --> 02:40:18,640
bio

3864
02:40:21,990 --> 02:40:19,680
and

3865
02:40:23,510 --> 02:40:22,000
um you're you're right about that

3866
02:40:24,870 --> 02:40:23,520
because

3867
02:40:29,110 --> 02:40:24,880
um

3868
02:40:30,950 --> 02:40:29,120
john neville and i and i got tapes of

3869
02:40:34,710 --> 02:40:30,960
you know cassettes

3870
02:40:35,510 --> 02:40:34,720
you know he died in 74 i think 74.

3871
02:40:37,269 --> 02:40:35,520
so

3872
02:40:40,230 --> 02:40:37,279
but uh

3873
02:40:41,990 --> 02:40:40,240
i i had a friend that had long john

3874
02:40:44,230 --> 02:40:42,000
nebel tapes

3875
02:40:47,110 --> 02:40:44,240
and now i'm listening this is 10 years

3876
02:40:48,790 --> 02:40:47,120
before art bell you know this is yeah

3877
02:40:50,710 --> 02:40:48,800
there was there were some other things

3878
02:40:52,790 --> 02:40:50,720
that were going on

3879
02:40:55,190 --> 02:40:52,800
um at that time but i started listening

3880
02:40:58,710 --> 02:40:55,200
to the long john neville and

3881
02:41:01,190 --> 02:40:58,720
and i realized very early

3882
02:41:02,950 --> 02:41:01,200
how to do it

3883
02:41:05,110 --> 02:41:02,960
right and that that's what he brought to

3884
02:41:06,630 --> 02:41:05,120
the table how to just have a

3885
02:41:08,790 --> 02:41:06,640
conversation

3886
02:41:10,389 --> 02:41:08,800
yeah and he was he was very good at that

3887
02:41:13,190 --> 02:41:10,399
because he hit the shows i've listened

3888
02:41:15,670 --> 02:41:13,200
to is a very informal it's a true

3889
02:41:17,670 --> 02:41:15,680
conversation yeah and he's a lot of

3890
02:41:20,790 --> 02:41:17,680
times he had multiple people in on the

3891
02:41:25,590 --> 02:41:23,510
and it was back in the days of you know

3892
02:41:27,670 --> 02:41:25,600
the people that are very very much long

3893
02:41:30,550 --> 02:41:27,680
gone like donald kehoe you know people

3894
02:41:32,630 --> 02:41:30,560
like that that no real other

3895
02:41:35,269 --> 02:41:32,640
information or material exists uh

3896
02:41:37,830 --> 02:41:35,279
regarding them so it was it was yeah

3897
02:41:39,750 --> 02:41:37,840
that type of broadcasting

3898
02:41:43,590 --> 02:41:39,760
was was absolutely amazing and it was it

3899
02:41:45,110 --> 02:41:43,600
was so early but i also go back to orson

3900
02:41:46,790 --> 02:41:45,120
welles and things like that for the 30s

3901
02:41:49,670 --> 02:41:46,800
you know mercury theater and things like

3902
02:41:53,110 --> 02:41:49,680
that are also influences i i love old

3903
02:41:55,670 --> 02:41:53,120
radio that's it i studied it i mean i i

3904
02:41:58,309 --> 02:41:55,680
studied it i studied it from i'm talking

3905
02:42:00,870 --> 02:41:58,319
you know i'm 58. i mean i was taking a

3906
02:42:03,349 --> 02:42:00,880
crack at this stuff when i was

3907
02:42:06,550 --> 02:42:03,359
eight nine ten

3908
02:42:08,950 --> 02:42:06,560
and listening to talk radio uh

3909
02:42:12,070 --> 02:42:08,960
yeah listen to music but there was

3910
02:42:14,389 --> 02:42:12,080
something about the theater of the mind

3911
02:42:16,550 --> 02:42:14,399
and and having two people engage in a

3912
02:42:18,950 --> 02:42:16,560
conversation or more long john neville's

3913
02:42:21,349 --> 02:42:18,960
show was called the party line yeah and

3914
02:42:23,750 --> 02:42:21,359
it was called the party line because it

3915
02:42:25,910 --> 02:42:23,760
was a friggin party and he had a big

3916
02:42:27,429 --> 02:42:25,920
table he had all those microphones set

3917
02:42:29,510 --> 02:42:27,439
up they were in there drinking scotch

3918
02:42:33,349 --> 02:42:29,520
and chain smoking cigarettes for six

3919
02:42:37,590 --> 02:42:33,359
hours a night in manhattan right

3920
02:42:38,830 --> 02:42:37,600
50 million people listening at a time 15

3921
02:42:43,429 --> 02:42:38,840
million

3922
02:42:46,790 --> 02:42:43,439
man yeah did you ever see uh

3923
02:42:50,150 --> 02:42:46,800
uh photographs of his studio do you ever

3924
02:42:52,469 --> 02:42:50,160
did you see the the phone switchboard

3925
02:42:53,590 --> 02:42:52,479
no i've never seen any of that okay so

3926
02:42:55,750 --> 02:42:53,600
so

3927
02:42:58,230 --> 02:42:55,760
obviously they took phone calls right

3928
02:43:00,710 --> 02:42:58,240
but this was back in

3929
02:43:03,429 --> 02:43:00,720
this one you didn't have a computer

3930
02:43:05,990 --> 02:43:03,439
right you didn't have a multi-phone line

3931
02:43:09,750 --> 02:43:06,000
you had 20 operators

3932
02:43:12,309 --> 02:43:09,760
in a row with their headsets plugging in

3933
02:43:14,389 --> 02:43:12,319
and connecting in and then so his desk

3934
02:43:16,550 --> 02:43:14,399
had all those telephones on it and they

3935
02:43:19,030 --> 02:43:16,560
would hardwire these in and they are

3936
02:43:21,349 --> 02:43:19,040
doing the one ringy dinghy two ringing

3937
02:43:24,469 --> 02:43:21,359
in in the studio they had all of these

3938
02:43:27,110 --> 02:43:24,479
operators running it was it was crazy

3939
02:43:29,750 --> 02:43:27,120
and he had the vision he was the first

3940
02:43:30,870 --> 02:43:29,760
he had the vision to do all of this live

3941
02:43:33,990 --> 02:43:30,880
calls

3942
02:43:35,030 --> 02:43:34,000
uh new york city uh interesting guests

3943
02:43:37,269 --> 02:43:35,040
that

3944
02:43:39,990 --> 02:43:37,279
covered the paranormal the supernatural

3945
02:43:42,630 --> 02:43:40,000
and ufos and ghosts life after death the

3946
02:43:46,070 --> 02:43:42,640
inner earth he did all that stuff man

3947
02:43:47,670 --> 02:43:46,080
nazi flying saucers tonight right

3948
02:43:50,950 --> 02:43:47,680
tonight

3949
02:43:53,190 --> 02:43:50,960
and uh i loved it i listened to all of

3950
02:43:57,030 --> 02:43:53,200
the long john neville that is uh pretty

3951
02:44:00,790 --> 02:43:57,040
much available and he did it from

3952
02:44:02,630 --> 02:44:00,800
he did it from the early 50s until 1974

3953
02:44:05,429 --> 02:44:02,640
until he died and then his wife took

3954
02:44:07,590 --> 02:44:05,439
over the show and uh and she was

3955
02:44:09,590 --> 02:44:07,600
interesting too because

3956
02:44:11,590 --> 02:44:09,600
there were stories about that she was

3957
02:44:14,790 --> 02:44:11,600
she was cia

3958
02:44:16,630 --> 02:44:14,800
right that's a whole nother

3959
02:44:19,670 --> 02:44:16,640
oh there's a there's an elephant in the

3960
02:44:20,630 --> 02:44:19,680
room on that um there was one talk show

3961
02:44:23,269 --> 02:44:20,640
host

3962
02:44:25,190 --> 02:44:23,279
um back from the in the day william f

3963
02:44:27,349 --> 02:44:25,200
buckley who was definitely an agent in

3964
02:44:29,269 --> 02:44:27,359
the cia and admitted it

3965
02:44:32,630 --> 02:44:29,279
so that there was that sort of thing

3966
02:44:34,950 --> 02:44:32,640
going on in those days 100 100 okay

3967
02:44:42,870 --> 02:44:34,960
let's get back to uh let's see what we

3968
02:44:48,309 --> 02:44:45,030
that's a closer in view

3969
02:44:51,190 --> 02:44:48,319
of the uh the karina nebula

3970
02:44:54,550 --> 02:44:51,200
and it shows more that you know james

3971
02:44:55,990 --> 02:44:54,560
webb's images can be uh blown up you

3972
02:44:57,429 --> 02:44:56,000
know the high resolution very high

3973
02:44:59,429 --> 02:44:57,439
resolution images

3974
02:45:00,950 --> 02:44:59,439
and you can take closer looks but this i

3975
02:45:02,469 --> 02:45:00,960
think i think was actually done by one

3976
02:45:05,269 --> 02:45:02,479
of the other cameras

3977
02:45:08,309 --> 02:45:05,279
uh which jwst has several

3978
02:45:10,230 --> 02:45:08,319
so there's three clusters of lenses of

3979
02:45:12,950 --> 02:45:10,240
cameras on it yeah

3980
02:45:15,030 --> 02:45:12,960
and i think this was this was uh

3981
02:45:16,710 --> 02:45:15,040
it might even say

3982
02:45:18,309 --> 02:45:16,720
no i don't think it does

3983
02:45:20,630 --> 02:45:18,319
which instrument it was but it has three

3984
02:45:22,389 --> 02:45:20,640
ins you know these groups of instruments

3985
02:45:23,830 --> 02:45:22,399
that give different views of the same

3986
02:45:25,910 --> 02:45:23,840
thing and

3987
02:45:27,670 --> 02:45:25,920
a lot of times it's you know it's all

3988
02:45:29,590 --> 02:45:27,680
three instruments you know make an

3989
02:45:31,349 --> 02:45:29,600
observation of something for comparison

3990
02:45:33,429 --> 02:45:31,359
and all kinds of things like that that

3991
02:45:34,950 --> 02:45:33,439
um allow for a clear picture of what

3992
02:45:37,510 --> 02:45:34,960
you're looking at

3993
02:45:41,269 --> 02:45:37,520
do you um

3994
02:45:44,870 --> 02:45:41,279
there is a big chunk of this community

3995
02:45:46,550 --> 02:45:44,880
that is expecting our government

3996
02:45:49,429 --> 02:45:46,560
uh to

3997
02:45:51,030 --> 02:45:49,439
to cross the the line the rubicon of

3998
02:45:53,030 --> 02:45:51,040
disclosure and start

3999
02:45:54,950 --> 02:45:53,040
uh talking about this in a different

4000
02:45:56,870 --> 02:45:54,960
context even more so than what they are

4001
02:45:59,750 --> 02:45:56,880
today which is

4002
02:46:02,630 --> 02:45:59,760
uh it's pretty nuts what's going on

4003
02:46:04,150 --> 02:46:02,640
um but then there's another contingent

4004
02:46:06,389 --> 02:46:04,160
of of

4005
02:46:09,030 --> 02:46:06,399
of which i'm part of that the

4006
02:46:10,550 --> 02:46:09,040
announcement is going to end up coming

4007
02:46:12,790 --> 02:46:10,560
from science

4008
02:46:16,150 --> 02:46:12,800
and now

4009
02:46:17,510 --> 02:46:16,160
that that breaks down into

4010
02:46:19,750 --> 02:46:17,520
james webb

4011
02:46:22,630 --> 02:46:19,760
may force this announcement

4012
02:46:25,830 --> 02:46:22,640
um and it could come very soon

4013
02:46:28,550 --> 02:46:25,840
uh which which side of things are you on

4014
02:46:30,469 --> 02:46:28,560
okay in regards to to the announcement

4015
02:46:32,790 --> 02:46:30,479
of alien life if it comes from science

4016
02:46:34,710 --> 02:46:32,800
no one will be able to keep it quiet

4017
02:46:37,269 --> 02:46:34,720
and the reason is number one science is

4018
02:46:40,309 --> 02:46:37,279
international and these teams like james

4019
02:46:41,830 --> 02:46:40,319
webb these are spread across all nations

4020
02:46:44,469 --> 02:46:41,840
you know that we're participating and

4021
02:46:47,190 --> 02:46:44,479
any scientist can get time on that so

4022
02:46:48,950 --> 02:46:47,200
the discovery of some

4023
02:46:51,910 --> 02:46:48,960
technical signature with james webb

4024
02:46:53,990 --> 02:46:51,920
could come from a scientist in denmark

4025
02:46:55,990 --> 02:46:54,000
well good luck if if you want to keep

4026
02:46:56,790 --> 02:46:56,000
that quiet and you're a government good

4027
02:46:58,870 --> 02:46:56,800
luck

4028
02:47:00,150 --> 02:46:58,880
doing that in another country you know

4029
02:47:02,630 --> 02:47:00,160
and but it won't even happen that way

4030
02:47:04,870 --> 02:47:02,640
it'll just go public um

4031
02:47:06,630 --> 02:47:04,880
there's all kinds of things interactions

4032
02:47:07,830 --> 02:47:06,640
between astronomers and they can't keep

4033
02:47:09,190 --> 02:47:07,840
their mouth shut so if they see

4034
02:47:12,070 --> 02:47:09,200
something we're all going to know about

4035
02:47:14,710 --> 02:47:12,080
it but if if it gets closer to home

4036
02:47:17,269 --> 02:47:14,720
with the galileo project

4037
02:47:19,110 --> 02:47:17,279
trust me ivy loeb will

4038
02:47:21,349 --> 02:47:19,120
he will tell he will scream from the

4039
02:47:23,590 --> 02:47:21,359
rooftops if there's something odd

4040
02:47:24,309 --> 02:47:23,600
that's caught which i'm sure there will

4041
02:47:26,550 --> 02:47:24,319
be

4042
02:47:29,110 --> 02:47:26,560
um and they've actually got their first

4043
02:47:30,070 --> 02:47:29,120
camera operating on top of harvard now

4044
02:47:30,870 --> 02:47:30,080
so

4045
02:47:33,269 --> 02:47:30,880
hey

4046
02:47:35,349 --> 02:47:33,279
you know show us what you find

4047
02:47:37,910 --> 02:47:35,359
uh and what if it

4048
02:47:40,230 --> 02:47:37,920
okay so we have uh the possibility of

4049
02:47:42,469 --> 02:47:40,240
perseverance and there are some you know

4050
02:47:45,190 --> 02:47:42,479
that are saying that the announcement of

4051
02:47:46,550 --> 02:47:45,200
of you know life you know off planet

4052
02:47:49,429 --> 02:47:46,560
would uh

4053
02:47:50,870 --> 02:47:49,439
would come from mars first

4054
02:47:55,349 --> 02:47:50,880
um

4055
02:47:57,030 --> 02:47:55,359
do you equate the announcement of life

4056
02:47:59,349 --> 02:47:57,040
uh the same

4057
02:48:02,070 --> 02:47:59,359
does that hold the same weight right

4058
02:48:04,070 --> 02:48:02,080
that happened twice and we we were wrong

4059
02:48:05,910 --> 02:48:04,080
both times and it both came from mars uh

4060
02:48:08,790 --> 02:48:05,920
first was the labeled release experiment

4061
02:48:10,550 --> 02:48:08,800
with viking which gave a positive result

4062
02:48:12,469 --> 02:48:10,560
and that wasn't suppressed it went out

4063
02:48:13,910 --> 02:48:12,479
there and the second one was the one

4064
02:48:16,230 --> 02:48:13,920
that bill clinton himself actually

4065
02:48:17,670 --> 02:48:16,240
talked about was the uh the announcement

4066
02:48:20,309 --> 02:48:17,680
of potential

4067
02:48:21,990 --> 02:48:20,319
fossil life in a martian meteorite

4068
02:48:23,510 --> 02:48:22,000
turned out that's in question we don't

4069
02:48:25,269 --> 02:48:23,520
know what that is um and the same with

4070
02:48:27,110 --> 02:48:25,279
the label released we've nev we've never

4071
02:48:30,070 --> 02:48:27,120
actually resolved what that experiment

4072
02:48:31,510 --> 02:48:30,080
detected it's just in question

4073
02:48:33,670 --> 02:48:31,520
but both of those were taken by the

4074
02:48:36,150 --> 02:48:33,680
public as announcements of the discovery

4075
02:48:37,990 --> 02:48:36,160
of microbial alien life

4076
02:48:39,990 --> 02:48:38,000
nothing happened

4077
02:48:41,990 --> 02:48:40,000
nobody cared well they cared but nobody

4078
02:48:43,349 --> 02:48:42,000
was surprised

4079
02:48:44,389 --> 02:48:43,359
and i think that that's going to be the

4080
02:48:51,670 --> 02:48:44,399
case with

4081
02:48:56,550 --> 02:48:54,950
seti detection or whatever

4082
02:48:59,590 --> 02:48:56,560
we all it's not going to surprise

4083
02:49:01,910 --> 02:48:59,600
anybody i mean half of all you know u.s

4084
02:49:03,190 --> 02:49:01,920
citizens that are more than half

4085
02:49:05,030 --> 02:49:03,200
just

4086
02:49:06,550 --> 02:49:05,040
no biggie you know let's find out more

4087
02:49:07,670 --> 02:49:06,560
about them you know let's learn

4088
02:49:10,550 --> 02:49:07,680
something

4089
02:49:13,590 --> 02:49:10,560
now when we talk about uh and we hear

4090
02:49:14,950 --> 02:49:13,600
this a lot now right techno signatures

4091
02:49:16,469 --> 02:49:14,960
um

4092
02:49:21,590 --> 02:49:16,479
uh

4093
02:49:24,150 --> 02:49:21,600
it stirs the science fiction aspect of

4094
02:49:26,469 --> 02:49:24,160
this and in the imagination that a

4095
02:49:27,910 --> 02:49:26,479
techno signature uh

4096
02:49:30,790 --> 02:49:27,920
to one person

4097
02:49:33,510 --> 02:49:30,800
isn't the same as another um so when

4098
02:49:36,469 --> 02:49:33,520
we're talking about techno signatures is

4099
02:49:38,469 --> 02:49:36,479
it going to be something boring like

4100
02:49:40,710 --> 02:49:38,479
a crazy amount of methane

4101
02:49:43,910 --> 02:49:40,720
which would indicate some type of

4102
02:49:45,830 --> 02:49:43,920
biological you know uh occurrence

4103
02:49:48,710 --> 02:49:45,840
uh no i don't think that that would

4104
02:49:50,150 --> 02:49:48,720
excite people or is it something else

4105
02:49:54,150 --> 02:49:50,160
uh ships

4106
02:49:56,790 --> 02:49:54,160
uh uh uh doing galactic star trading

4107
02:49:58,790 --> 02:49:56,800
right on trade routes you know what what

4108
02:50:01,030 --> 02:49:58,800
is a techno signature

4109
02:50:03,030 --> 02:50:01,040
well it runs a gamut so a techno

4110
02:50:04,630 --> 02:50:03,040
signature is a signature of technology

4111
02:50:06,950 --> 02:50:04,640
meaning intelligence

4112
02:50:08,870 --> 02:50:06,960
and a biosignature that's gases in an

4113
02:50:10,550 --> 02:50:08,880
atmosphere that indicate a biosphere

4114
02:50:12,309 --> 02:50:10,560
whereas a techno signature indicates a

4115
02:50:15,510 --> 02:50:12,319
technological civilization doing

4116
02:50:17,510 --> 02:50:15,520
something and that can go from um

4117
02:50:18,870 --> 02:50:17,520
the relatively mundane you know you

4118
02:50:20,469 --> 02:50:18,880
accidentally catch one of their

4119
02:50:21,830 --> 02:50:20,479
communications one of their internal

4120
02:50:24,230 --> 02:50:21,840
communications and you see there's a

4121
02:50:26,309 --> 02:50:24,240
narrow band radio signal and it must be

4122
02:50:29,110 --> 02:50:26,319
artificial

4123
02:50:32,070 --> 02:50:29,120
that's the boring side um

4124
02:50:33,349 --> 02:50:32,080
but the the non-boring side is

4125
02:50:35,269 --> 02:50:33,359
a giant

4126
02:50:37,190 --> 02:50:35,279
space laser shows up and starts firing

4127
02:50:39,510 --> 02:50:37,200
at you you know that's a techno

4128
02:50:42,070 --> 02:50:39,520
signature too

4129
02:50:44,150 --> 02:50:42,080
the uh

4130
02:50:46,950 --> 02:50:44,160
the identifiers

4131
02:50:49,110 --> 02:50:46,960
seem pretty simple on this planet

4132
02:50:50,790 --> 02:50:49,120
we've got pollution we've got radio and

4133
02:50:53,349 --> 02:50:50,800
television signals

4134
02:50:55,349 --> 02:50:53,359
uh we've got satellites uh we've got

4135
02:50:56,710 --> 02:50:55,359
communications that's happening we've

4136
02:50:57,670 --> 02:50:56,720
got uh

4137
02:51:00,309 --> 02:50:57,680
uh

4138
02:51:02,389 --> 02:51:00,319
stuff that is very lights and cities and

4139
02:51:06,550 --> 02:51:02,399
stuff like that so all of that is very

4140
02:51:08,469 --> 02:51:06,560
very visible but we are very quickly

4141
02:51:11,750 --> 02:51:08,479
closing down on radio and television

4142
02:51:12,790 --> 02:51:11,760
signals right and and you know a cable

4143
02:51:15,670 --> 02:51:12,800
driven

4144
02:51:18,230 --> 02:51:15,680
fiber optic world where this stuff isn't

4145
02:51:20,710 --> 02:51:18,240
being broadcast certainly at 75 100

4146
02:51:23,590 --> 02:51:20,720
years ago we didn't have any regulations

4147
02:51:25,510 --> 02:51:23,600
on the strength of uh our radio antennas

4148
02:51:26,550 --> 02:51:25,520
all right we were blasting out millions

4149
02:51:29,349 --> 02:51:26,560
of watts

4150
02:51:31,830 --> 02:51:29,359
yeah that was that was in the days uh i

4151
02:51:34,070 --> 02:51:31,840
just 700 000 watts

4152
02:51:35,910 --> 02:51:34,080
and things like that whereas now

4153
02:51:38,389 --> 02:51:35,920
i think what is the federal level it's

4154
02:51:40,389 --> 02:51:38,399
it's for 50 000. yeah clear channel

4155
02:51:41,990 --> 02:51:40,399
station might be able to go to 100 or

4156
02:51:44,710 --> 02:51:42,000
something it if like in the middle of

4157
02:51:47,349 --> 02:51:44,720
the night but that's it you know

4158
02:51:48,630 --> 02:51:47,359
and then 50 000 for anything fm

4159
02:51:50,630 --> 02:51:48,640
um

4160
02:51:52,230 --> 02:51:50,640
that is not visible to an alien

4161
02:51:53,030 --> 02:51:52,240
civilization but there is one thing that

4162
02:51:54,389 --> 02:51:53,040
is

4163
02:51:57,190 --> 02:51:54,399
and it's probably going to be with us

4164
02:51:58,870 --> 02:51:57,200
for a very long time and it's the radar

4165
02:52:01,429 --> 02:51:58,880
the radar is

4166
02:52:03,750 --> 02:52:01,439
still very very powerful

4167
02:52:05,830 --> 02:52:03,760
and that they can see um if they're

4168
02:52:09,830 --> 02:52:05,840
within 100 light years

4169
02:52:12,710 --> 02:52:09,840
and now so if we flip that over okay

4170
02:52:15,750 --> 02:52:12,720
we're looking at a very narrow window

4171
02:52:17,670 --> 02:52:15,760
for an opportunity to observe us

4172
02:52:19,190 --> 02:52:17,680
but they must be doing the same thing

4173
02:52:20,630 --> 02:52:19,200
right if we're out there looking for

4174
02:52:23,429 --> 02:52:20,640
exoplanets and they're looking for

4175
02:52:25,269 --> 02:52:23,439
exoplanets anyone in the milky way

4176
02:52:26,950 --> 02:52:25,279
that's looking for exoplanets knows

4177
02:52:30,150 --> 02:52:26,960
about earth because it's been screaming

4178
02:52:33,750 --> 02:52:30,160
its biosphere its biosignature for

4179
02:52:38,309 --> 02:52:36,469
correct and now um

4180
02:52:40,790 --> 02:52:38,319
okay so

4181
02:52:42,230 --> 02:52:40,800
40 light years away let's say there's

4182
02:52:44,550 --> 02:52:42,240
intelligent life on trappists and

4183
02:52:47,269 --> 02:52:44,560
they're looking at us right now well

4184
02:52:50,070 --> 02:52:47,279
that's only 40 years ago so if they're

4185
02:52:53,269 --> 02:52:50,080
checking us out 40 years ago dude they

4186
02:52:55,190 --> 02:52:53,279
were looking at the us festival happen

4187
02:52:57,750 --> 02:52:55,200
okay that's pretty cool

4188
02:52:59,990 --> 02:52:57,760
that's uh that's intelligent life they

4189
02:53:02,469 --> 02:53:00,000
could be watching van halen uh they're

4190
02:53:05,910 --> 02:53:02,479
not looking at the dinosaurs but if you

4191
02:53:08,230 --> 02:53:05,920
stretch out past that and you're going

4192
02:53:10,070 --> 02:53:08,240
uh you know you're 5 000 light years

4193
02:53:12,630 --> 02:53:10,080
away and you're looking back at earth

4194
02:53:15,110 --> 02:53:12,640
you're looking at you know stone age man

4195
02:53:17,590 --> 02:53:15,120
or or worse if you're out

4196
02:53:19,349 --> 02:53:17,600
uh uh ten thousand fifteen twenty

4197
02:53:22,230 --> 02:53:19,359
thousand light years away

4198
02:53:24,389 --> 02:53:22,240
uh no idea that we were here

4199
02:53:26,950 --> 02:53:24,399
what what they would see was the all of

4200
02:53:28,950 --> 02:53:26,960
them all of the all of the scientists of

4201
02:53:30,230 --> 02:53:28,960
the milky way will see the oxygen and

4202
02:53:31,750 --> 02:53:30,240
they'll be like

4203
02:53:34,550 --> 02:53:31,760
there's plants there

4204
02:53:37,510 --> 02:53:34,560
you know there's a photosynthesizing um

4205
02:53:39,110 --> 02:53:37,520
biosphere there but as far as detecting

4206
02:53:42,630 --> 02:53:39,120
something like the roman empire they

4207
02:53:44,469 --> 02:53:42,640
would never see that you know um

4208
02:53:45,590 --> 02:53:44,479
there are some

4209
02:53:47,750 --> 02:53:45,600
thoughts that you might be able to

4210
02:53:49,349 --> 02:53:47,760
detect agriculture on a very large scale

4211
02:53:50,630 --> 02:53:49,359
but it needs to be on a really really

4212
02:53:52,790 --> 02:53:50,640
large scale

4213
02:53:55,910 --> 02:53:52,800
and we were just undetectable and we're

4214
02:53:56,950 --> 02:53:55,920
only barely detectable even now um the

4215
02:53:59,910 --> 02:53:56,960
radar

4216
02:54:04,150 --> 02:53:59,920
gives us away uh but only if that alien

4217
02:54:05,750 --> 02:54:04,160
civilization is looking right at us um

4218
02:54:07,990 --> 02:54:05,760
but they would know to do that for the

4219
02:54:10,389 --> 02:54:08,000
for the biosphere but even then passed

4220
02:54:12,870 --> 02:54:10,399
out 100 light years past that bubble

4221
02:54:14,550 --> 02:54:12,880
nobody has any way of knowing about us

4222
02:54:15,830 --> 02:54:14,560
and it shouldn't be surprising that we

4223
02:54:16,710 --> 02:54:15,840
don't see

4224
02:54:18,469 --> 02:54:16,720
you know

4225
02:54:20,870 --> 02:54:18,479
contact signals because it's just that

4226
02:54:22,790 --> 02:54:20,880
little tiny bubble it's not even

4227
02:54:25,110 --> 02:54:22,800
not even anything close to a single

4228
02:54:27,910 --> 02:54:25,120
percent of the galaxy itself

4229
02:54:29,670 --> 02:54:27,920
well okay so now we have an issue though

4230
02:54:34,150 --> 02:54:29,680
uh today

4231
02:54:35,670 --> 02:54:34,160
with uh uaps and the military and ufos

4232
02:54:37,910 --> 02:54:35,680
and things that are going on that they

4233
02:54:39,349 --> 02:54:37,920
are having a hard time explaining

4234
02:54:41,750 --> 02:54:39,359
whether they know

4235
02:54:43,830 --> 02:54:41,760
what is going on or not

4236
02:54:46,230 --> 02:54:43,840
they are saying that it's a phenomenon

4237
02:54:50,550 --> 02:54:46,240
that they don't understand

4238
02:54:53,429 --> 02:54:50,560
is this an example of things out there

4239
02:54:55,670 --> 02:54:53,439
that could be by the billion

4240
02:54:57,750 --> 02:54:55,680
uh different civilizations that are just

4241
02:54:59,910 --> 02:54:57,760
doing what we're doing we're sending

4242
02:55:03,510 --> 02:54:59,920
probes to saturn you know every single

4243
02:55:06,230 --> 02:55:03,520
day and this is this is our plan

4244
02:55:07,190 --> 02:55:06,240
well wouldn't et be doing the same thing

4245
02:55:09,269 --> 02:55:07,200
and

4246
02:55:12,230 --> 02:55:09,279
is that possible that what we are seeing

4247
02:55:14,309 --> 02:55:12,240
here isn't necessarily an alien invasion

4248
02:55:17,429 --> 02:55:14,319
but stuff that is just propagating

4249
02:55:19,349 --> 02:55:17,439
throughout the milky way yeah that it's

4250
02:55:21,510 --> 02:55:19,359
it it's plausible and the way that it

4251
02:55:23,510 --> 02:55:21,520
happens is that

4252
02:55:25,349 --> 02:55:23,520
way back 50 years ago john von neumann a

4253
02:55:27,429 --> 02:55:25,359
very famous mathematician came up with

4254
02:55:29,190 --> 02:55:27,439
the idea of self-replicating probes

4255
02:55:31,269 --> 02:55:29,200
doing essentially what viruses and

4256
02:55:33,910 --> 02:55:31,279
nature do they they create copies of

4257
02:55:36,070 --> 02:55:33,920
themselves and if you do that you can

4258
02:55:38,070 --> 02:55:36,080
have a probe in

4259
02:55:40,070 --> 02:55:38,080
every star system in the in the galaxy

4260
02:55:41,670 --> 02:55:40,080
at sublight speeds not violating any

4261
02:55:43,030 --> 02:55:41,680
physics but and you can do within a few

4262
02:55:44,309 --> 02:55:43,040
million years

4263
02:55:46,630 --> 02:55:44,319
and if you're an automated

4264
02:55:48,389 --> 02:55:46,640
civilizationist a machine civilization

4265
02:55:49,670 --> 02:55:48,399
you don't care about time so you you

4266
02:55:52,150 --> 02:55:49,680
would you would probably do something

4267
02:55:53,429 --> 02:55:52,160
like that so that led enrico fermi to

4268
02:55:54,630 --> 02:55:53,439
say

4269
02:55:56,710 --> 02:55:54,640
well look

4270
02:55:59,190 --> 02:55:56,720
where are they they should be here you

4271
02:56:01,110 --> 02:55:59,200
know this galaxy is 13.8 billion years

4272
02:56:03,429 --> 02:56:01,120
old it's well old enough for somebody

4273
02:56:06,150 --> 02:56:03,439
somebody to have you know a right you

4274
02:56:08,150 --> 02:56:06,160
know evolved and then spread out to the

4275
02:56:09,990 --> 02:56:08,160
galaxy so where is everyone and the

4276
02:56:13,670 --> 02:56:10,000
thing is is that

4277
02:56:15,510 --> 02:56:13,680
that's predicated on the assumption

4278
02:56:18,070 --> 02:56:15,520
that we should

4279
02:56:19,750 --> 02:56:18,080
see evidence of an alien civilization in

4280
02:56:22,070 --> 02:56:19,760
this star system and if there's a von

4281
02:56:24,070 --> 02:56:22,080
neumann probe out there printing out uh

4282
02:56:25,110 --> 02:56:24,080
atmospheric probes we'll call them tic

4283
02:56:26,710 --> 02:56:25,120
tacs

4284
02:56:28,550 --> 02:56:26,720
and sending them into the atmosphere and

4285
02:56:31,030 --> 02:56:28,560
someone sees them then someone just saw

4286
02:56:34,150 --> 02:56:31,040
an uh ufo of alien origin so we need to

4287
02:56:37,110 --> 02:56:34,160
remember that there is a plausible way

4288
02:56:39,590 --> 02:56:37,120
for the ufo phenomenon to be of alien

4289
02:56:42,389 --> 02:56:39,600
origin it could happen

4290
02:56:44,469 --> 02:56:42,399
the second thing though is that

4291
02:56:47,190 --> 02:56:44,479
the other problem is that statistically

4292
02:56:49,349 --> 02:56:47,200
speaking close aliens are a bad thing

4293
02:56:51,910 --> 02:56:49,359
because the closer it is to you it means

4294
02:56:54,389 --> 02:56:51,920
that there are a lot of aliens out there

4295
02:56:56,230 --> 02:56:54,399
if if you see an alien civilization in

4296
02:56:58,150 --> 02:56:56,240
the star system next to you

4297
02:56:59,750 --> 02:56:58,160
it suggests that there there's an

4298
02:57:01,269 --> 02:56:59,760
enormous population of alien

4299
02:57:02,790 --> 02:57:01,279
civilizations in the galaxy we just

4300
02:57:04,870 --> 02:57:02,800
don't see evidence of that

4301
02:57:06,070 --> 02:57:04,880
so when a civilization is close to you

4302
02:57:07,510 --> 02:57:06,080
and you see it

4303
02:57:09,990 --> 02:57:07,520
you run up against something called the

4304
02:57:13,110 --> 02:57:10,000
solarian hypothesis and this learning

4305
02:57:15,830 --> 02:57:13,120
hypothesis is that

4306
02:57:17,830 --> 02:57:15,840
earth you can't rule out that earth

4307
02:57:19,590 --> 02:57:17,840
didn't produce a prior technological

4308
02:57:21,510 --> 02:57:19,600
civilization

4309
02:57:23,110 --> 02:57:21,520
and that evidence of it is simply erased

4310
02:57:25,030 --> 02:57:23,120
from the geological record from

4311
02:57:26,950 --> 02:57:25,040
weathering you know this planet is very

4312
02:57:29,190 --> 02:57:26,960
good at renewing itself

4313
02:57:30,790 --> 02:57:29,200
so with the solarian hypothesis in place

4314
02:57:33,269 --> 02:57:30,800
that kind of throws a wrench into it

4315
02:57:34,710 --> 02:57:33,279
because it opens up the fact

4316
02:57:37,269 --> 02:57:34,720
you know the possibility not the fact

4317
02:57:39,269 --> 02:57:37,279
the possibility that

4318
02:57:40,950 --> 02:57:39,279
you're seeing a prior civilization on

4319
02:57:43,510 --> 02:57:40,960
earth that had you know went off into

4320
02:57:45,750 --> 02:57:43,520
space and is just checking back in

4321
02:57:48,710 --> 02:57:45,760
and seeing how the home world's doing

4322
02:57:51,750 --> 02:57:48,720
um and that means it's earth life though

4323
02:57:52,710 --> 02:57:51,760
it's not alien um it's earth life so

4324
02:57:55,590 --> 02:57:52,720
there are

4325
02:57:58,070 --> 02:57:55,600
unexplored possibilities for you know

4326
02:58:00,389 --> 02:57:58,080
coming up with the the explanations for

4327
02:58:02,710 --> 02:58:00,399
uap that we haven't really talked about

4328
02:58:05,030 --> 02:58:02,720
yet that that are there

4329
02:58:06,230 --> 02:58:05,040
that are not alien but just as weird you

4330
02:58:07,990 --> 02:58:06,240
know

4331
02:58:10,150 --> 02:58:08,000
and that this was hinted at by jacques

4332
02:58:12,950 --> 02:58:10,160
valley and and jail and heineken years

4333
02:58:14,630 --> 02:58:12,960
ago that the phenomenon is too broad

4334
02:58:15,510 --> 02:58:14,640
for an alien origin

4335
02:58:18,309 --> 02:58:15,520
um

4336
02:58:20,630 --> 02:58:18,319
so my my thinking is

4337
02:58:23,030 --> 02:58:20,640
we have enough now enough weird stuff we

4338
02:58:26,469 --> 02:58:23,040
have the government you know the navy

4339
02:58:28,469 --> 02:58:26,479
testifying in front of congress

4340
02:58:30,070 --> 02:58:28,479
they're saying that the phenomenon is

4341
02:58:31,910 --> 02:58:30,080
there it's real okay

4342
02:58:34,230 --> 02:58:31,920
let's find out what it is let's let's

4343
02:58:36,150 --> 02:58:34,240
study it let's let's put the research in

4344
02:58:38,790 --> 02:58:36,160
and see if we can resolve it finally

4345
02:58:40,630 --> 02:58:38,800
after 70 years of talking about it

4346
02:58:42,230 --> 02:58:40,640
let's let's let's hope i think it's

4347
02:58:43,750 --> 02:58:42,240
tangible

4348
02:58:47,590 --> 02:58:43,760
i think that the

4349
02:58:49,269 --> 02:58:47,600
the idea of this is now tangible you

4350
02:58:51,349 --> 02:58:49,279
know it's almost like

4351
02:58:53,110 --> 02:58:51,359
we can feel

4352
02:58:56,550 --> 02:58:53,120
that there is something going on when it

4353
02:58:59,190 --> 02:58:56,560
comes to this discussion and

4354
02:59:01,990 --> 02:58:59,200
i think we can but to be honest with you

4355
02:59:03,429 --> 02:59:02,000
i felt that 35 years ago that there

4356
02:59:04,950 --> 02:59:03,439
maybe there's something to this you know

4357
02:59:06,870 --> 02:59:04,960
we should pay attention to it not

4358
02:59:09,590 --> 02:59:06,880
ridicule it

4359
02:59:12,630 --> 02:59:09,600
and uh while there's a whole lot of

4360
02:59:14,070 --> 02:59:12,640
fluff involved with the the field

4361
02:59:15,910 --> 02:59:14,080
there's always been these these

4362
02:59:18,710 --> 02:59:15,920
questions of cases that are really

4363
02:59:20,550 --> 02:59:18,720
really perplexing and you know

4364
02:59:22,790 --> 02:59:20,560
completely legitimate science scientists

4365
02:59:24,309 --> 02:59:22,800
like james us you know james mcdonald

4366
02:59:25,990 --> 02:59:24,319
back in the day

4367
02:59:27,830 --> 02:59:26,000
looked into it and concluded hey there's

4368
02:59:29,670 --> 02:59:27,840
something weird going on here and he was

4369
02:59:31,269 --> 02:59:29,680
basically uh drummed out of his

4370
02:59:33,349 --> 02:59:31,279
profession over and it was terrible it's

4371
02:59:35,429 --> 02:59:33,359
awful so we had really aggressive

4372
02:59:37,429 --> 02:59:35,439
skeptics that were actually going after

4373
02:59:39,190 --> 02:59:37,439
people's personal lives over their

4374
02:59:41,190 --> 02:59:39,200
interest in ufos and i think that's

4375
02:59:43,510 --> 02:59:41,200
highly dishonest and i don't want that

4376
02:59:46,150 --> 02:59:43,520
to happen again no i think we've moved

4377
02:59:48,550 --> 02:59:46,160
past that john we've moved past that um

4378
02:59:50,389 --> 02:59:48,560
although we're out of time uh i'll leave

4379
02:59:52,550 --> 02:59:50,399
you with this note

4380
02:59:54,389 --> 02:59:52,560
um i was with a group of friends up in

4381
02:59:56,710 --> 02:59:54,399
washington state and we were at mount

4382
02:59:57,830 --> 02:59:56,720
adams we were 14 miles away from mount

4383
03:00:00,550 --> 02:59:57,840
adams

4384
03:00:02,150 --> 03:00:00,560
when we all observed i saw through my

4385
03:00:04,550 --> 03:00:02,160
binoculars three o'clock in the

4386
03:00:08,230 --> 03:00:04,560
afternoon

4387
03:00:10,950 --> 03:00:08,240
i'm guessing 500 feet tall i don't know

4388
03:00:13,590 --> 03:00:10,960
how else to describe it to you but it

4389
03:00:14,469 --> 03:00:13,600
looked like a beer can

4390
03:00:17,590 --> 03:00:14,479
and

4391
03:00:19,830 --> 03:00:17,600
imagine 500 feet maybe 200 300 feet

4392
03:00:23,269 --> 03:00:19,840
across and it's going like this across

4393
03:00:24,710 --> 03:00:23,279
the sky at a silver circle on it we saw

4394
03:00:28,230 --> 03:00:24,720
from it came out from behind the

4395
03:00:31,830 --> 03:00:28,240
mountain so it's at least 14 miles away

4396
03:00:35,030 --> 03:00:31,840
and and it's doing this right

4397
03:00:38,630 --> 03:00:35,040
and you see that not not this isn't a

4398
03:00:40,790 --> 03:00:38,640
light in the sky at midnight it says

4399
03:00:42,790 --> 03:00:40,800
three o'clock in the afternoon it's

4400
03:00:43,830 --> 03:00:42,800
black it's chrome on the top and the

4401
03:00:46,630 --> 03:00:43,840
bottom

4402
03:00:48,710 --> 03:00:46,640
and then it disappeared lasted for about

4403
03:00:51,349 --> 03:00:48,720
15 seconds

4404
03:00:53,030 --> 03:00:51,359
is this simply vanish poof yeah yeah i

4405
03:00:55,990 --> 03:00:53,040
didn't see it disappear everybody else

4406
03:00:57,750 --> 03:00:56,000
did i was going between the binoculars

4407
03:00:59,510 --> 03:00:57,760
and looking at it with the naked eye and

4408
03:01:01,830 --> 03:00:59,520
when i came back to the binoculars they

4409
03:01:03,670 --> 03:01:01,840
said it just disappeared and i was

4410
03:01:05,269 --> 03:01:03,680
pretty upset because we had a clear blue

4411
03:01:07,590 --> 03:01:05,279
sky above us i thought we were going to

4412
03:01:08,950 --> 03:01:07,600
see this for quite a while but the point

4413
03:01:11,429 --> 03:01:08,960
is

4414
03:01:14,550 --> 03:01:11,439
that wasn't us

4415
03:01:16,710 --> 03:01:14,560
i saw it i can tell you right now that

4416
03:01:18,550 --> 03:01:16,720
had nothing to do

4417
03:01:21,269 --> 03:01:18,560
with

4418
03:01:23,750 --> 03:01:21,279
i mean if you look at an incident like

4419
03:01:25,429 --> 03:01:23,760
the nimitz incident i i can't sit there

4420
03:01:27,030 --> 03:01:25,439
and say that that was

4421
03:01:29,910 --> 03:01:27,040
what was described by fravor in the

4422
03:01:31,030 --> 03:01:29,920
pilots i i can't say that was anything

4423
03:01:32,630 --> 03:01:31,040
positive

4424
03:01:34,309 --> 03:01:32,640
you're right

4425
03:01:36,790 --> 03:01:34,319
i'm interested i'm interested i just

4426
03:01:38,790 --> 03:01:36,800
want what i want is real digestible

4427
03:01:41,110 --> 03:01:38,800
scientific data and i'm hoping that dr

4428
03:01:43,590 --> 03:01:41,120
loeb gives that to us with uh project

4429
03:01:45,990 --> 03:01:43,600
galileo so that we can all chew on it

4430
03:01:47,750 --> 03:01:46,000
and and uh have a discussion you know

4431
03:01:49,349 --> 03:01:47,760
without without the stigma and the

4432
03:01:51,750 --> 03:01:49,359
ridicule and all that just have an

4433
03:01:53,910 --> 03:01:51,760
honest discussion and ask ourselves what

4434
03:01:55,910 --> 03:01:53,920
the hell is this well we're about to get

4435
03:01:57,590 --> 03:01:55,920
kicked off the network so give me 10

4436
03:01:59,030 --> 03:01:57,600
seconds when do you put out the new

4437
03:02:01,750 --> 03:01:59,040
event horizon

4438
03:02:04,230 --> 03:02:01,760
every thursday afternoon they come out

4439
03:02:06,070 --> 03:02:04,240
the links for everything are right here

4440
03:02:08,070 --> 03:02:06,080
at jimmychurchradio.com we have on

4441
03:02:10,469 --> 03:02:08,080
social media it's over on the website

4442
03:02:11,990 --> 03:02:10,479
it's on the description box below

4443
03:02:13,990 --> 03:02:12,000
john michael gautier you are the

4444
03:02:15,990 --> 03:02:14,000
absolute very best at the end of this

4445
03:02:17,110 --> 03:02:16,000
month we'll make a big announcement to

4446
03:02:18,950 --> 03:02:17,120
the world

4447
03:02:20,550 --> 03:02:18,960
everybody stay tuned for that john

4448
03:02:23,670 --> 03:02:20,560
behave and be well man i'll talk to you

4449
03:02:27,030 --> 03:02:25,510
this is fade to black i'm your host

4450
03:02:30,070 --> 03:02:27,040
jimmy church john stay right there we'll

4451
03:02:32,950 --> 03:02:30,080
say good night after the show

4452
03:02:36,550 --> 03:02:32,960
what a great great conversation tonight

4453
03:02:39,269 --> 03:02:36,560
it was perfect tomorrow night right here

4454
03:02:41,030 --> 03:02:39,279
isaac arthur fade to black is produced

4455
03:02:43,110 --> 03:02:41,040
by hill j palmer renee dennis and kevin

4456
03:02:47,190 --> 03:02:43,120
announces our steve harder g patel marty

4457
03:02:51,750 --> 03:02:49,950
music doug aldridge intro spaceboy

4458
03:02:53,590 --> 03:02:51,760
spaceboymusic.com daytona black is

4459
03:02:55,110 --> 03:02:53,600
produced by kjcf for the game changer

4460
03:02:58,070 --> 03:02:55,120
network and this broadcast is owned and

4461
03:03:00,309 --> 03:02:58,080
copyrighted 2022 by fade to black and

4462
03:03:02,870 --> 03:03:00,319
the game changer network inc it cannot

4463
03:03:04,950 --> 03:03:02,880
be used anywhere downloaded rebroadcast

4464
03:03:06,630 --> 03:03:04,960
or copied anywhere in the known universe

4465
03:03:08,070 --> 03:03:06,640
without written permission from fade to

4466
03:03:10,070 --> 03:03:08,080
black for the game changer network i'm

4467
03:03:12,870 --> 03:03:10,080
your host jimmy church again tomorrow

4468
03:03:13,830 --> 03:03:12,880
night isaac arthur and time travel until

4469
03:03:15,750 --> 03:03:13,840
then

4470
03:03:20,920 --> 03:03:15,760
be safe